Cell Membrane Review and Structure

Primary Active Transport = Directly uses ATP to move molecules Secondary Active Transport = Indirectly uses ATP and moves molecules against their electrochemical gradient Endocytosis = Moves bulk material into the cell Exocytosis = Moves bulk material out of the cell

Sodium-Potassium Pump = Primary Active Transport Phagocytosis = Ingestion of pathogens by white blood cells Pinocytosis = Absorption of nutrients in the intestines Release of Neurotransmitters = Exocytosis

Phagocytosis = Cell eating Pinocytosis = Cell drinking Endocytosis = Bulk transport into the cell Exocytosis = Bulk transport out of the cell

<p>Primary Active Transport = Requires energy directly Secondary Active Transport = Requires energy indirectly Endocytosis = Requires energy Exocytosis = Requires energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein Pumps = Transports protein against concentration gradient Sodium-Potassium Pump = Moves sodium out and potassium into the cell Pinocytosis = Absorbs fluid and small molecules Phagocytosis = Engulfs large particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport Proteins = Help move large or charged molecules across the membrane Glycolipids &amp; Glycoproteins = Cell recognition Cholesterol = Stabilize the membrane Phospholipid Bilayer = Main structural component of the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple Diffusion = Movement of molecules directly across the membrane Facilitated Diffusion = Movement of molecules with the help of transport proteins Osmosis = Movement of water across the membrane Active Transport = Movement of molecules against the concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophilic = Attracted to water Hydrophobic = Repelled by water Semipermeable = Allows some substances to pass through Homeostasis = Maintaining an internal balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral proteins = Embedded in the membrane Transmembrane proteins = Goes all the way through the membrane Peripheral proteins = Located on one side of the membrane Transport proteins = Help get materials across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen = Simple diffusion Glucose = Facilitated diffusion Water = Osmosis Ions with charge = Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion = Movement from a high to low concentration Cell membrane function = Controls what enters and exits the cell Lipid Bilayer = Two layers of phospholipids Fluid Mosaic Model = Describes the flexibility of cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphate head = Polar and hydrophilic Fatty acid tails = Nonpolar and hydrophobic Glycolipids = Cell recognition with attached carbohydrate chain Glycoproteins = Cell recognition with attached carbohydrate chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Transport = Does not require energy Active Transport = Requires energy Cell membrane = Provides protection and support for the cell Cell Recognition = Allows communication among cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solute = The material that is dissolved in a solution Solvent = The material that does the dissolving Solution = A mixture made of a solute and a solvent Concentration = The amount of solute per amount of solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypotonic = Cell will swell and may explode Isotonic = Cell will function normally Hypertonic = Cell will shrink and/or crenate Equilibrium = Equal concentration on both sides of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Net Movement = The direction that the majority of particles are moving Concentration Gradient = A difference in concentration on both sides of the membrane High to low concentration = Passive transport Low to high concentration = Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive transport = Moves molecules until equilibrium is reached Facilitated diffusion = Uses transport proteins Osmosis = Diffusion of water from low to high solute Active transport = Requires energy in the form of ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocytosis = Taking material INTO the cell Exocytosis = Forcing/Ejecting material OUT OF the cell Phagocytosis = Cell eating Pinocytosis = Cell drinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyper = Above Normal Hypo = Below Normal Iso = Same/Similar Auto = Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive Transport = Making tea Osmosis = Water following solute Active transport = Moving molecules from low to high concentration Bulk transport = Exporting proteins out of a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outer boundary of a cell, also known as the plasma membrane. It controls what enters and exits the cell, maintains internal balance, provides protection and support, and enables cell communication.

A selectively permeable barrier that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.

A model that describes the cell membrane as a fluid and flexible structure composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

The two layers of phospholipids that make up the cell membrane.

The polar, water-loving head of a phospholipid, attracted to water.

The non-polar, water-repelling tail of a phospholipid, repelled by water.

Proteins embedded within the cell membrane that help transport large or charged molecules across the membrane.

Passive transport that relies on the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the molecules are evenly spaced.

Movement of specific particles across a membrane with the help of transport proteins.

Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

A solution where the concentration of solutes is lower outside the cell than inside the cell.

A solution where the concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell.

A solution where the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell than inside the cell.

Cellular process that requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration).

A type of active transport that uses proteins to move molecules across the membrane against the concentration gradient. There are two main types: primary active transport and secondary active transport.

A type of active transport that directly uses energy from ATP to move molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. For example, the Sodium-Potassium Pump, which pumps 3 Na+ (sodium) ions out of the cell and 2 K+ (potassium) ions into the cell, actively works against the concentration gradient, requiring ATP.

A type of active transport that indirectly uses energy from the electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport to move molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. For example, the Glucose transport protein uses the energy stored in the Sodium gradient, established by the Sodium-Potassium pump, to move glucose into the cell.

A process of transporting large molecules or particles into the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle. It can be further classified into pinocytosis (cell drinking, for fluids and small molecules) and phagocytosis (cell eating, for larger particles like bacteria).

A process of transporting large molecules or particles out of the cell by enclosing them in a vesicle that fuses with the cell membrane. It's how cells release waste, hormones, and neurotransmitters.