Cell Membrane Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What controls what enters and leaves the cell?

  • Cell Membrane (correct)
  • Ribosome
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm

What type of fat is made of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains?

Phospholipids

What model describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane?

Fluid Mosaic Model

What term means that a membrane allows some, but not all materials to pass through?

<p>Selective Permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a protein that detects a signal molecule to allow things to move in and out of the cell?

<p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy?

<p>Passive Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement of molecules from high to low concentration easily without help?

<p>Simple Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difference in the amount of concentration from one location to another?

<p>Concentration Gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of water from high to low concentration called?

<p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a situation where water is balanced in and out of the cell?

<p>Isotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of water out of a cell because the solution outside has more solutes?

<p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the movement of water into a cell because the solution inside has higher solutes?

<p>Hypotonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the movement of everything but water with the help of transport proteins called?

<p>Facilitated Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport moves substances from low to high concentration and requires energy?

<p>Active Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for when a cell consumes food or fluid?

<p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for when a cell releases waste or proteins?

<p>Exocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Membrane

Regulates entry/exit of substances; maintains cell integrity.

Phospholipids

Lipid with a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acids; forms the membrane's structure.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Dynamic arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane.

Selective Permeability

Allows certain substances through while blocking others.

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Receptor

Proteins that detect signals, triggering substance transport.

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Passive Transport

Movement from high to low concentration; no energy needed.

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Simple Diffusion

Substances move freely across the membrane from high to low concentration (except water).

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Concentration Gradient

Difference in concentration between two areas, affecting diffusion.

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Osmosis

Diffusion of water molecules from high to low concentration.

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Isotonic

Balanced water and solute concentration; no net movement.

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Hypertonic

Outside solution has higher solute concentration; water exits the cell.

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Hypotonic

Higher solute concentration inside; water enters the cell.

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Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport assisted by transport proteins.

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Active Transport

Movement against the concentration gradient; requires energy.

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Endocytosis

Cell engulfs food/fluid; a form of active transport for bulk intake.

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Exocytosis

Cell expels waste/proteins; active transport to release materials.

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Study Notes

Cell Membrane

  • The cell membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining cellular integrity.

Phospholipids

  • Composed of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains, phospholipids form the structural basis of the cell membrane.

Fluid Mosaic Model

  • This model illustrates the dynamic and varied arrangement of molecules within the cell membrane, resembling a mosaic.

Selective Permeability

  • The cell membrane's selective permeability allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, facilitating controlled transport.

Receptor

  • Receptors are proteins that detect signaling molecules, triggering transport mechanisms for substances entering or leaving the cell.

Passive Transport

  • Movement of molecules via passive transport occurs from areas of high concentration to low concentration without energy expenditure.

Simple Diffusion

  • Simple diffusion allows substances (excluding water) to move freely across the membrane from high concentration to low concentration without assistance.

Concentration Gradient

  • A concentration gradient refers to the variation in the concentration of a substance between two regions, influencing diffusion.

Osmosis

  • Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

Isotonic

  • In an isotonic state, water concentration is balanced inside and outside of the cell, as is the solute concentration, preventing net movement.

Hypertonic

  • In a hypertonic environment, water exits the cell as the outside solution has a higher solute concentration, potentially leading to cell shrinkage.

Hypotonic

  • In a hypotonic situation, water enters the cell due to a higher solute concentration inside, which may cause the cell to swell and potentially burst.

Facilitated Diffusion

  • Facilitated diffusion involves the passive transport of larger molecules like sugar with the assistance of transport proteins across the cell membrane.

Active Transport

  • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient from low to high concentration, requiring energy.

Endocytosis

  • Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf food or fluid, a form of active transport allowing for bulk intake.

Exocytosis

  • Exocytosis is the mechanism by which cells expel waste or proteins, utilizing active transport to release materials from the cell.

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