Questions and Answers
What controls what enters and leaves the cell?
What type of fat is made of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains?
Phospholipids
What model describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane?
Fluid Mosaic Model
What term means that a membrane allows some, but not all materials to pass through?
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What is a protein that detects a signal molecule to allow things to move in and out of the cell?
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What type of transport involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy?
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What term describes the movement of molecules from high to low concentration easily without help?
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What is the term for the difference in the amount of concentration from one location to another?
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What is the movement of water from high to low concentration called?
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What term describes a situation where water is balanced in and out of the cell?
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What is the term for the movement of water out of a cell because the solution outside has more solutes?
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What term describes the movement of water into a cell because the solution inside has higher solutes?
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What is the movement of everything but water with the help of transport proteins called?
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What type of transport moves substances from low to high concentration and requires energy?
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What term is used for when a cell consumes food or fluid?
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What is the term for when a cell releases waste or proteins?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances, maintaining cellular integrity.
Phospholipids
- Composed of a phosphate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains, phospholipids form the structural basis of the cell membrane.
Fluid Mosaic Model
- This model illustrates the dynamic and varied arrangement of molecules within the cell membrane, resembling a mosaic.
Selective Permeability
- The cell membrane's selective permeability allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, facilitating controlled transport.
Receptor
- Receptors are proteins that detect signaling molecules, triggering transport mechanisms for substances entering or leaving the cell.
Passive Transport
- Movement of molecules via passive transport occurs from areas of high concentration to low concentration without energy expenditure.
Simple Diffusion
- Simple diffusion allows substances (excluding water) to move freely across the membrane from high concentration to low concentration without assistance.
Concentration Gradient
- A concentration gradient refers to the variation in the concentration of a substance between two regions, influencing diffusion.
Osmosis
- Osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
Isotonic
- In an isotonic state, water concentration is balanced inside and outside of the cell, as is the solute concentration, preventing net movement.
Hypertonic
- In a hypertonic environment, water exits the cell as the outside solution has a higher solute concentration, potentially leading to cell shrinkage.
Hypotonic
- In a hypotonic situation, water enters the cell due to a higher solute concentration inside, which may cause the cell to swell and potentially burst.
Facilitated Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion involves the passive transport of larger molecules like sugar with the assistance of transport proteins across the cell membrane.
Active Transport
- Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient from low to high concentration, requiring energy.
Endocytosis
- Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf food or fluid, a form of active transport allowing for bulk intake.
Exocytosis
- Exocytosis is the mechanism by which cells expel waste or proteins, utilizing active transport to release materials from the cell.
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Description
Explore key concepts related to the cell membrane through these flashcards. Learn about its structure, including phospholipids and the fluid mosaic model, as well as its function in selective permeability. Ideal for biology students focusing on cell biology.
