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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers form?
During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers form?
What is the term for the proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
What is the term for the proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?
What is the result of mitosis in somatic cells?
What is the result of mitosis in somatic cells?
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What is the main function of the cell membrane in maintaining cell shape?
What is the main function of the cell membrane in maintaining cell shape?
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What is the primary function of the ER in a cell?
What is the primary function of the ER in a cell?
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Which of the following organelles is responsible for providing structural support, shape, and movement to a cell?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for providing structural support, shape, and movement to a cell?
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What is the result of meiosis in reproductive cell division?
What is the result of meiosis in reproductive cell division?
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Which type of cell division is characterized by the production of two identical daughter cells?
Which type of cell division is characterized by the production of two identical daughter cells?
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What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Membrane
- Also known as the plasma membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable layer of lipid and protein molecules surrounding the cell
- Functions:
- Separates cell from external environment
- Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides mechanical support
- Composed of:
- Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
- Proteins ( integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored)
Mitosis
- Type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material
- Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Stages:
- Interphase: cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Cell Division
- Process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells
- Types:
- Mitosis: somatic cell division (results in two identical daughter cells)
- Meiosis: reproductive cell division (results in four haploid daughter cells with unique genetic material)
- Binary fission: cell division in prokaryotes (simple, single-celled organisms)
- Importance:
- Essential for growth, development, and repair
- Allows for adaptation to changing environments
- Enables reproduction and transmission of genetic information
Cell Organelles
- Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
- Examples:
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support, shape, and movement
Cell Membrane
- Acts as a barrier between the cell and its external environment
- Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell
- Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
- Embedded with proteins such as integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored proteins
Mitosis
- A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
- Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis stages
- Chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase
- Chromosomes align at the center of the cell during metaphase
- Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles during anaphase
Cell Division
- The process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells
- Types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission
- Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, resulting in two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, resulting in four haploid daughter cells
- Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes (simple, single-celled organisms)
- Essential for growth, development, repair, and adaptation to changing environments
Cell Organelles
- Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
- Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
- Cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell membrane structure and function, as well as the process of mitosis, a type of cell division.
