Cell Membrane and Mitosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

  • To maintain the cell's shape
  • To separate the cell from the external environment
  • To provide mechanical support to the cell
  • To regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell (correct)
  • During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibers form?

  • Telophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Prophase (correct)
  • What is the term for the proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane?

  • Integral proteins (correct)
  • Receptor proteins
  • Peripheral proteins
  • Lipid-anchored proteins
  • What is the result of mitosis in somatic cells?

    <p>Two daughter cells with identical genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane in maintaining cell shape?

    <p>Providing mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ER in a cell?

    <p>Protein modification, sorting, and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is responsible for providing structural support, shape, and movement to a cell?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of meiosis in reproductive cell division?

    <p>Four haploid daughter cells with unique genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell division is characterized by the production of two identical daughter cells?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

    <p>Protein modification, sorting, and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Membrane

    • Also known as the plasma membrane
    • Thin, semi-permeable layer of lipid and protein molecules surrounding the cell
    • Functions:
      • Separates cell from external environment
      • Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
      • Maintains cell shape
      • Provides mechanical support
    • Composed of:
      • Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)
      • Proteins ( integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored)

    Mitosis

    • Type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material
    • Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
    • Stages:
      1. Interphase: cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division
      2. Prophase: chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
      3. Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
      4. Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
      5. Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
      6. Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells

    Cell Division

    • Process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells
    • Types:
      • Mitosis: somatic cell division (results in two identical daughter cells)
      • Meiosis: reproductive cell division (results in four haploid daughter cells with unique genetic material)
      • Binary fission: cell division in prokaryotes (simple, single-celled organisms)
    • Importance:
      • Essential for growth, development, and repair
      • Allows for adaptation to changing environments
      • Enables reproduction and transmission of genetic information

    Cell Organelles

    • Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
    • Examples:
      • Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA)
      • Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
      • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
      • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
      • Lysosomes: contain digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
      • Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
      • Cytoskeleton: provides structural support, shape, and movement

    Cell Membrane

    • Acts as a barrier between the cell and its external environment
    • Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell
    • Maintains cell shape and provides mechanical support
    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
    • Embedded with proteins such as integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored proteins

    Mitosis

    • A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
    • Occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells)
    • Consists of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis stages
    • Chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase
    • Chromosomes align at the center of the cell during metaphase
    • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles during anaphase

    Cell Division

    • The process by which a cell becomes two daughter cells
    • Types of cell division: mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission
    • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, resulting in two identical daughter cells
    • Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, resulting in four haploid daughter cells
    • Binary fission occurs in prokaryotes (simple, single-celled organisms)
    • Essential for growth, development, repair, and adaptation to changing environments

    Cell Organelles

    • Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions
    • Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA)
    • Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
    • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
    • Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste
    • Golgi apparatus is involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
    • Cytoskeleton provides structural support, shape, and movement

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