Cell Membrane and Mitochondria Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which function of mitochondria is crucial for energy supply in cells?

Calcium homeostasis

ATP production (correct)

Regulation of metabolism

Detoxification of ammonia

What is a primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid synthesis

Energy production

Detoxification of ammonia

Translation of mRNA (correct)

What distinguishes smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Composition of lipid bilayers

Presence of ribosomes (correct)

Location in the cell

Production of ATP

Which statement accurately describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Stabilizes membrane fluidity Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the mitochondria increases its surface area for ATP production?

Cristae Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the plasma membrane's selective permeability?

Controls entry and exit of specific molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions does the endoplasmic reticulum NOT perform?

Detoxification of ammonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a role of the cell membrane?

Producing ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for the bilayer structure?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

They form channels for substances to enter or exit the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is located on the inner or outer surface of the cell membrane?

Peripheral proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components contributes to the fluidity of the cell membrane?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the cell membrane is composed of proteins?

55% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Hydrophilic heads face outward while hydrophobic tails face inward. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules plays a crucial role in cell signaling and recognition?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

How do phospholipids within the cell membrane arrange themselves?

Tail to tail forming a lipid bilayer. Signup and view all the answers

What primary function does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) perform in muscle cells?

Storage of calcium ions Signup and view all the answers

Which modification in the Golgi apparatus involves adding phosphate groups to proteins?

Phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is primarily involved in the detoxification process in liver cells?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of primary lysosomes?

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that are inactive Signup and view all the answers

Which process in the Golgi apparatus involves the removal of mannose moieties?

Enzymatic modification Signup and view all the answers

What primary role does the Golgi apparatus play concerning proteins synthesized from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Protein packaging and secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Storage of glycogen Signup and view all the answers

In the Golgi apparatus, glycosylation primarily involves what?

Attachment of monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming a barrier for water-soluble substances.
Cholesterol is found between phospholipid layers and contributes to membrane fluidity and stability.
Proteins embedded in the membrane are crucial for transport, signaling, and structural support.
Carbohydrates on the surface of the membrane are vital for cell recognition and interaction with external elements.
The cell membrane allows for selective permeability, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP.
Composed of an outer membrane, an inner membrane folded into cristae, and a matrix containing enzymes and proteins.
Mitochondria play a role in metabolism regulation, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and detoxification of ammonia in liver cells.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A network of membrane-bound sacs (cisternae) and tubules involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) has ribosomes attached to its surface, involved in protein synthesis and transport to the Golgi apparatus.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage, and carbohydrate metabolism.

Golgi Apparatus

A stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs (cisternae) involved in protein modification, packaging, and secretion.
It receives proteins from the RER and modifies them by glycosylation (adding sugars) or phosphorylation (adding phosphates).
It packages proteins into transport vesicles for secretion or delivery to other organelles, including lysosomes.

Lysosome

Membranous organelles originating from the Golgi apparatus containing hydrolytic enzymes for cellular digestion.
Abundant in phagocytic cells.
Primary lysosomes are newly formed from the Golgi and contain inactive enzymes.
Lysosomes are crucial for breaking down waste products, cellular debris, and engulfed pathogens.

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Description

Explore the fundamental structures and functions of the cell membrane and mitochondria, two essential components of cellular biology. This quiz covers topics like the composition of the cell membrane, the role of mitochondria in energy production, and more. Test your understanding of these vital cell structures!