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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in hypoxia?
Which of the following is a type of reversible cell injury?
Which of the following is a type of reversible cell injury?
What is the outcome of irreversible cell injury?
What is the outcome of irreversible cell injury?
Which of the following laboratory tests is used to diagnose cell death?
Which of the following laboratory tests is used to diagnose cell death?
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What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in ischemia?
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in ischemia?
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Which of the following is a type of adaptive cell injury?
Which of the following is a type of adaptive cell injury?
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What is the outcome of necrosis?
What is the outcome of necrosis?
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Which of the following is a mechanism of cell injury in chemical agents?
Which of the following is a mechanism of cell injury in chemical agents?
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What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in immunological reactions?
What is the primary mechanism of cell injury in immunological reactions?
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Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
Which of the following is a type of necrosis?
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Study Notes
Cell Injury and Death
- A cell can undergo reversible or irreversible cell injury, leading to recovery or cell death
- Reversible cell injury: cellular swelling, ER and mitochondrial swelling, no change in nucleus
- Irreversible cell injury: cell death, membrane rupture, cytoplasmic lysosomal rupture, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis, mitochondrial damage
Cell Death
- Necrosis: pathological cell death, death of a group of cells in a living organism
- Apoptosis: programmed cell death
Types of Necrosis
- Coagulative necrosis: in solid organs, tissue outlines preserved, denaturation of protein, pale and well-demarcated
- Colliquative necrosis: in wet organs, loss of cell outline, enzymatic degradation
- Caseous necrosis: subtype of coagulative necrosis, seen in chronic infections like TB
- Fat necrosis: seen in breast and omentum
Mechanism of Apoptosis
- Activation of caspase enzymes
- Interaction between FAS receptors and ligand
- Withdrawal of growth factors
- Involvement of Bcl-2 proteins
- Up-regulation of P53 gene
Pathology
- Pathogenesis: mechanism of disease
- Pathology: structural changes
- Clinical features: signs and symptoms
- Diagnosis: lab investigations
- Management and prevention
- Prognosis: outcome
Lab Methods in Pathology
- Routine investigations: hematological, biochemical, serological
- Fine-needle aspiration: cytology
- Biopsy: histopathology
- Immunohistochemistry: phenotyping
- Molecular biology: PCR
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of cell injury, disease, and death, including reversible cell injury, cellular morphology, and cellular changes.
