Cell Function and Injection Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What are the key functions of cells in the body?

  • Absorb water only from their environment
  • Only reproduce and communicate
  • Maintain bodily functions and deliver products (correct)
  • Exclusively produce energy from sunlight

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic shared by all cells?

  • Absorb heat from the environment (correct)
  • Ability to reproduce
  • Communicate via biologic chemicals
  • Synthesize complex molecules

How do cells obtain energy?

  • From nutrients (correct)
  • Through passive air exchange
  • By their own metabolism only
  • Through direct exposure to light

Cells differ from one tissue to another mainly in which aspect?

<p>Their features and functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows cells to exchange materials with their environment?

<p>Diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do biologic chemicals play in cell function?

<p>They facilitate communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cell characteristics is true?

<p>Cells can communicate using biologic chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental characteristic that all cells share?

<p>The capability to exchange materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of needleless systems in medical practice?

<p>To prevent injury and the spread of blood-borne pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of syringe is typically used for small doses such as insulin?

<p>Plastic disposable syringes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common site for intramuscular (IM) injections?

<p>Back of the hands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which injection site is commonly used for intravenous (IV) injections?

<p>Back of hands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically responsible for performing intra-articular injections?

<p>Physicians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are intradermal injections administered?

<p>Into the layers of skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellular communication?

<p>To communicate via biologic chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is considered less common for injections?

<p>Intradermal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT a component of pharmacokinetics?

<p>Presentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing injections, what type of injection involves accessing spinal fluid?

<p>Intrathecal injection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT significantly affect the rate of drug absorption?

<p>Time of day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be verified before administering medications to a patient?

<p>The identity of the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the movement of drug molecules through the body?

<p>Pharmacokinetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect primarily determines the onset of drug action?

<p>Absorption rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nurse take if an assessment deems it unnecessary to administer a medication?

<p>Omit or delay the dose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cellular functions do NOT include which of the following?

<p>Hormonal regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a legal responsibility of a nurse regarding medication administration?

<p>Ignoring erroneous orders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is special caution needed when administering medications to children?

<p>They have a higher risk of medication errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily regulates drug transport across cell membranes?

<p>Transport pathways and mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes absorption in pharmacokinetics?

<p>The time drug enters the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle should a nurse follow when administering medications?

<p>Use only approved abbreviations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best practice regarding the administration of medications as per the prescriber's orders?

<p>Recognize and question any erroneous orders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can nurses maintain their drug administration skills?

<p>By staying up-to-date with drug administration guidelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does accurate drug administration require from nursing staff?

<p>Using correct procedures for all administration routes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of drug distribution in the body?

<p>To transport drug molecules within the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can affect drug metabolism?

<p>Enzyme induction and enzyme inhibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are prodrugs?

<p>Drugs that exert effects when metabolized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the proper excretion of medications from the body?

<p>Sufficient function of the circulatory system and organs of excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding absorption?

<p>Absorption occurs only in the intestines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are drug-metabolizing enzymes primarily located?

<p>In kidneys, liver, red blood cells, plasma, lungs, and gastrointestinal mucosa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of blood-brain barrier in drug distribution?

<p>Affects the ability of drugs to penetrate the central nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor that increases the likelihood of opportunistic infections?

<p>Severe burns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Gram stain identify in laboratory tests?

<p>Microscopic appearance of cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory technique detects microbial DNA?

<p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms?

<p>Increased hospitalization duration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do antibiotic-resistant infections impact mortality rates?

<p>Increase mortality rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group is least at risk for opportunistic infections?

<p>Patients with strong immune systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serology in pathogen identification?

<p>It measures antibody levels against infectious agents. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can prolonged exposure to antibiotic-resistant infections lead to?

<p>Higher healthcare costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics

The process by which drugs move throughout the body.

Absorption

The movement of a drug from its administration site into the bloodstream.

Distribution

The process of a drug being distributed throughout the body to various tissues and organs.

Metabolism

The process by which the body breaks down drugs into inactive metabolites.

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Excretion

The process by which the body eliminates drugs from the system.

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Onset of Drug Action

The rate at which a drug is absorbed affects how quickly it starts working.

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Dosage Form and Route of Administration

The form of the drug (pill, liquid, etc.) and how it's given (swallowing, injection, etc.) can affect how well it's absorbed.

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Administration Site Blood Flow

The amount of blood flow to the area where the drug was given affects how well it's absorbed.

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Medication Administration: Verify, Verify, Verify

Verifying the patient's identity, medication, dosage, route, and time before administering any medication.

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Accurate Drug Administration: Calculate Doses Accurately

Ensuring that the dosage of the medication is accurate and calculated correctly.

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Accurate Drug Administration: Measure Doses Accurately

Utilizing the correct techniques and procedures for each specific route of administration.

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Accurate Drug Administration: Understand Patient Condition

Understanding the patient's medical condition and how it might interact with the medication being administered.

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Accurate Drug Administration: Assess Patient

Assessing the patient's condition and potentially omitting or delaying medication doses accordingly.

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Nurses' Legal Responsibilities: Safe and Accurate Medication

The legal responsibility of nurses to ensure safe and accurate medication administration, question questionable orders, and refuse unsafe medications.

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Nurses' Legal Responsibilities: Follow Administration Principles

Nurses are legally obligated to understand and follow the principles of medication administration and ensure the safety of the patient.

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Needleless Injection Systems

Systems designed to prevent accidental needle sticks and the spread of blood-borne pathogens.

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Nurses' Legal Responsibilities: Questioning Orders

Nurses have the right and responsibility to question orders if they suspect an error or believe a medication is unsafe for the patient.

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Syringes in Injection

They are typically made of plastic, disposable, and calibrated to measure doses accurately. Examples include insulin syringes and tuberculin syringes for smaller doses.

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Subcutaneous Injection Sites

Common injection sites for subcutaneous injections include the upper arms, abdomen, back, and thighs.

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Intramuscular Injection Sites

Common intramuscular injection sites include the deltoid, ventrogluteal, and vastus lateralis muscles.

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Intravenous Injection Sites

Common intravenous injection sites include the back of the hands and forearms.

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Intradermal Injections

Injections administered into the layers of the skin.

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Intra-arterial Injections

Injections administered into arteries, typically when an arterial line is established.

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Intra-articular Injections

Injections administered into joints, typically performed by physicians.

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What are cells?

Cells are the basic units of life and perform essential functions to maintain the body's health.

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How do cells obtain energy?

Cells take in nutrients and oxygen, convert them into energy, and produce waste products.

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What do cells manufacture?

Cells produce specialized molecules needed for various bodily functions.

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How do cells communicate?

Cells are able to communicate with each other using chemical signals.

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How do cells form tissues?

Cells can specialize and differentiate to form specific tissues with unique functions.

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How do cells reproduce?

Cells have the ability to replicate and divide to create more cells.

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What surrounds a cell?

Cells are surrounded by a membrane that controls the movement of substances in and out.

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What tools are needed to see cells?

Cells are incredibly small and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.

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Drug Metabolism

The process by which drugs are altered from their original form into a new form by the body.

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Drug Distribution

The process by which drugs are transported throughout the body to different tissues and organs.

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Drug Excretion

The removal of drugs and their byproducts from the body.

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Enzyme Induction

The process of increasing the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, leading to faster drug breakdown and potentially reduced effects.

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Enzyme Inhibition

The process of inhibiting drug-metabolizing enzymes, causing slower drug breakdown and potentially prolonged effects.

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Factors Affecting Drug Distribution

Special factors influencing drug distribution. These factors can affect how much drug reaches certain tissues and organs.

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Liver's Role in Drug Metabolism

The organ primarily responsible for metabolizing drugs, converting them into inactive forms.

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Organs of Drug Excretion

Key organs involved in eliminating drugs from the body.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Microorganisms

Infections caused by pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics, leading to more serious complications and potential mortality.

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What is a Gram stain?

A Gram stain is a laboratory test that uses a dye to distinguish between bacteria based on their cell wall structure. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while gram-negative bacteria stain pink.

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What is serology?

Serology is a laboratory test that identifies infectious agents by detecting specific antibodies in the blood of a patient.

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What is PCR?

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory test that detects the presence of microbial DNA in a sample, offering a quick and sensitive way to confirm an infection.

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What are opportunistic infections?

Opportunistic infections are infections that occur when the body's immune system is weakened, making individuals more susceptible. These infections can happen in people with conditions like HIV, cancer, or after organ transplantation.

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Why is identifying pathogens important?

The laboratory identification of pathogens is crucial for choosing the right treatment. It allows for targeted therapy and minimizes the risk of antibiotic resistance, ensuring effective management of infections.

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What is microbial culture?

Microbial cultures involve growing microbes in a controlled laboratory environment to identify the specific organism causing an infection.

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What is the role of laboratory tests in infection management?

Laboratory tests play a critical role in diagnosing and managing infections. These tests help identify the specific pathogen, understand its characteristics, and guide treatment decisions for effective patient care.

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