Cell Energy Cycle Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is aerobic respiration?

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates.

Aerobic respiration results in the formation of 30 to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of _________________.

glucose

What is anaerobic respiration?

A chemical process in which carbohydrates are partially broken down without using oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration produces much less _______________ than aerobic respiration.

energy Signup and view all the answers

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate Signup and view all the answers

____________________ is released when an ATP molecule is converted to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule.

Energy Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular respiration?

A process by which energy is released from food. Signup and view all the answers

Possible by-products of __________________ respiration include lactic acid and alcohol.

anaerobic Signup and view all the answers

The by-products of _________________ respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

aerobic Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical energy?

Energy that is released or absorbed in chemical reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Chemical energy is _______________ when glucose molecules are broken down and when ATP molecules are converted to ADP.

released Signup and view all the answers

In the cell, chemical energy is _________________ in glucose molecules and ATP molecules.

stored Signup and view all the answers

What is chlorophyll?

A green pigment inside chloroplasts that converts light energy into a chemical form the plant can use. Signup and view all the answers

Chloroplasts are organelle found in the cells of plants and algae that contains chlorophyll and is the site of ________________________________.

photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is cytoplasm?

A jelly-like substance composed mainly of water and found between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Glucose - a simple ____________________ that serves as the major energy source for all cellular processes.

sugar Signup and view all the answers

What is glycolysis?

A process by which glucose is partially broken down into pyruvic acid without the use of oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are mitochondria?

Organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are the site of aerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which light energy is used to combine water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What is radiant energy?

Energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts of Cell Energy Cycle

Aerobic Respiration
- A chemical process that utilizes oxygen to convert carbohydrates into energy.
- Produces 30 to 38 ATP molecules from one molecule of glucose.
Glucose
- A primary carbohydrate that is broken down during aerobic respiration to release energy.
Anaerobic Respiration
- A process where carbohydrates are partially degraded without oxygen.
- Generates significantly less energy than aerobic respiration.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- The main energy currency of cells, powering cellular activities.
- Energy is released when ATP converts to ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate).
Cellular Respiration
- The method cells utilize to extract energy from food.
- Produces limited energy from glucose breakdown in the absence of oxygen.
By-products of Respiration
- Anaerobic respiration can yield by-products like lactic acid and alcohol.
- Aerobic respiration results in carbon dioxide and water as by-products.

Energy Types in Biological Processes

Chemical Energy
- Released or absorbed during chemical reactions, crucial for cellular functions.
Energy Storage
- Chemical energy is stored in glucose and ATP within cells.
Chlorophyll
- A green pigment found in chloroplasts that transforms light energy into usable chemical energy for plants.
Photosynthesis
- Occurs in chloroplasts, combining light energy with water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

Cellular Structures and Processes

Cytoplasm
- A viscous fluid that fills a cell, mainly composed of water, situated between the cell membrane and nucleus.
Glycolysis
- The initial stage of glucose breakdown occurring in the cytoplasm, converting glucose into pyruvic acid without oxygen consumption.
Mitochondria
- Known as the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells, these organelles conduct aerobic respiration.
Radiant Energy
- Energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, exemplified by light and heat, utilized in photosynthesis.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the cell energy cycle with these flashcards. This quiz covers key concepts such as aerobic and anaerobic respiration, as well as the role of glucose in energy production. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of metabolic processes.