Cell Division Overview

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What is the primary function of the centromere in eukaryotic cell division?

To separate sister chromatids during anaphase
To synthesize DNA during the S phase
To hold the two sister chromatids together (correct)
To attach the spindle microtubules to the chromosomes

During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromosomes condense and prepare for cell division?

Prophase (correct)
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase

What is the term for the entire process of cell division, including both mitosis and cytokinesis?

Mitosis
Meiosis
M phase (correct)
Cytokinesis

What is the purpose of the spindle microtubules during mitosis?

To control chromosome movement during mitosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell?

Anaphase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which animal cells divide their cytoplasm during cytokinesis?

Cleavage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the kinetochores during mitosis?

To attach the spindle microtubules to the chromosomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and prepare for cell division?

Interphase (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure formed by the replication of the centrosome during interphase?

Aster (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase?

Two identical groups of chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis conserves the number of chromosome sets, while meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of independent assortment of chromosomes?

To ensure that each gamete receives a unique combination of chromosomes (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Anaphase I (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing over in meiosis?

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the union of gametes (sperm and egg) resulting in a zygote?

Fertilization (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis?

Synapsis and crossing over occur in prophase I of meiosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the display of chromosomes in a cell?

Karyotype (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diploid number of chromosomes in human somatic cells?

46 (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase II (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced from two sets to one set?

Meiosis (D) Signup and view all the answers