Cell Division - Mitosis

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the result of Meiosis I?

  • One cell with 46 chromosomes
  • Two cells with 46 chromosomes each
  • Two cells with 23 chromosomes each (correct)
  • Four genetically identical cells

Which event occurs during Prophase I?

  • Chromatids are pulled apart
  • Cells split into four distinct cells
  • Nuclei reform
  • Chromosomes condense and recombination occurs (correct)

What is the function of spindle fibers during meiosis?

  • To pull chromatids away during Anaphase (correct)
  • To line up chromosomes at the metaphase plate
  • To condense chromosomes
  • To form new nuclei

Which of the following factors contributes to genetic variability in offspring?

<p>Independent assortment of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase II of meiosis?

<p>Nuclei reform and four new cells are created (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason cells need to remain small?

<p>To facilitate quick diffusion of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the S phase of interphase?

<p>Replication of DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes somatic cells?

<p>They are diploid and have two copies of each chromosome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the lining up of chromosomes along the metaphase plate?

<p>Metaphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of the cell cycle?

<p>The series of events that lead to cell growth and division. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What marks the end of interphase?

<p>Preparation for the M phase occurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do spindle fibers play during mitosis?

<p>They separate and pull chromosomes to opposite sides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase do chromosomes become visible as they condense?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary event that occurs during Telophase?

<p>The nuclear envelope reforms around clusters of chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant process occurs during Cytokinesis?

<p>Formation of two identical daughter cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do cells undergo differentiation?

<p>G1 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tumor suppressor genes?

<p>Slow or stop the cell cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are produced at the end of Meiosis?

<p>Haploid gametes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do the gametes of humans have?

<p>23 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key event occurs before Meiosis begins?

<p>Interphase where chromosomes duplicate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a cell does not pass the G1 checkpoint?

<p>It is sent back for further development or undergoes apoptosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells. This process ensures that each new cell receives a complete copy of the parent cell's DNA.

Chromosomes

Structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. They are packaged into chromosomes, held together by a centromere. Every somatic cell (body cell) in an organism has the same number of chromosomes.

Interphase

The period of time in a cell's life cycle where it grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

G1 Phase

The first phase of interphase where cell growth occurs, proteins are synthesized, and organelles are produced.

Signup and view all the flashcards

S Phase

The second phase of interphase where the cell's DNA is replicated. This ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete copy of the genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

G2 Phase

The third and final phase of interphase where the cell prepares for division and produces more organelles. The cell checks the replicated DNA for errors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitosis

The shortest phase in the cell cycle. The process of nuclear division where one nucleus divides into two new nuclei, each with a complete set of chromosomes. It is the first phase of cell division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytokinesis

The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, separating the two newly formed nuclei into two distinct daughter cells. The cell divides and splits into two.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Differentiation

The process by which cells specialize in structure and function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Points in the cell cycle where regulators check for proper conditions before moving to the next stage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proto-oncogenes

Genes that stimulate the cell cycle by producing proteins like Cyclins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes that inhibit the cell cycle by producing proteins like p53.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg) that are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes as a regular cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interphase (before Meiosis)

The process in which the chromosomes duplicate before meiosis occurs, resulting in 46 chromosomes with 92 chromatids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis I

The process where chromosomes condense and line up in pairs, exchange genetic information, and are pulled apart by spindle fibers, resulting in two new cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Independent Assortment

The random way homologous chromosome pairs line up during Metaphase I, contributing to genetic diversity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Crossing Over

The process where homologous chromosomes exchange segments of DNA during Prophase I, contributing to genetic diversity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Random Fertilization

The random combination of egg and sperm during fertilization, further contributing to genetic diversity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Division - Mitosis

  • Cells need to divide for several reasons: rapid nutrient diffusion, growth of organisms, replacing damaged cells, and asexual reproduction.
  • Cell division is a complex process, controlled by the cell cycle, including growth, preparation, and division stages
  • Interphase (G1, S, G2) is the "in-between" phase of the cell cycle where cells grow, replicate DNA, and perform regular functions.
  • During G1, cells grow and synthesize proteins.
  • During S phase, DNA replication occurs.
  • During G2, cells prepare for division.
  • Mitosis (M phase) is the active cell division phase consisting of four stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
  • Prophase: Chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate.
  • Telophase: Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles, nuclear envelope reforms, and cell begins to divide.
  • Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides forming two daughter cells.
  • Animal cells: Cleavage furrow forms.
  • Plant cells: Cell plate forms.
  • Cell cycle checkpoints ensure accurate progression through the cycle.

Cell Division - Meiosis

  • Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells).
  • Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction, producing genetically different cells.
  • Meiosis involves two rounds of division resulting in four daughter cells, each with half the original chromosome number (haploid).
  • Meiosis I:
    • Prophase I: Homologous chromosomes pair up, crossing-over occurs.
    • Metaphase I: Homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate in pairs.
    • Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes separate.
    • Telophase I: Two haploid cells are formed.
  • Meiosis II:
    • Similar stages to mitosis but with haploid cells.
    • Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
    • Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells are produced.
  • Genetic variability is increased by crossing over (exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes), independent assortment (random alignment and separation of homologous chromosomes), and random fertilization.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Honors Biology Study Guide PDF

More Like This

Cell Division: Meiosis, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Mitotic Spindle, and Cell Cycle Quiz
12 questions

Cell Division: Meiosis, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Mitotic Spindle, and Cel...

SignificantArtDeco avatar
SignificantArtDeco
Cell Division Cycle and Mitosis
9 questions

Cell Division Cycle and Mitosis

DextrousCombination avatar
DextrousCombination
Cell Division and Mitosis Quiz
45 questions

Cell Division and Mitosis Quiz

ParamountSphinx4385 avatar
ParamountSphinx4385
Cell Division and Mitosis
40 questions

Cell Division and Mitosis

ManageableNovaculite9371 avatar
ManageableNovaculite9371
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser