23 Questions
What process is essential for sexual reproduction as it produces haploid gametes?
Meiosis
Which division of meiosis is similar to mitosis?
Meiosis II
What happens during crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes
Which division retains the haploid number of chromosomes after meiosis I?
Meiosis II
How does the body of an individual develop after fertilization?
By mitotic divisions of zygote and its daughter cells
What is the main purpose of mitosis?
Replacement of old and injured body cells
What is the life cycle of a cell called?
Cell cycle
How many phases does a cell have in its life cycle?
Two
What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?
Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes, while haploid cells have one set.
Which type of cell division results in the formation of gametes?
Meiosis
What happens to the chromosome number during the first division of meiosis?
It becomes half of the mother cell
What is the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I results in homologous chromosomes separating, while meiosis II results in sister chromatids separating.
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Metaphase I
What is the function of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
To increase genetic variation through recombination.
Which term describes a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes?
Euploid
What is the significance of independent assortment during meiosis?
It promotes genetic diversity by producing gametes with different combinations of genes.
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
The chromosome number is reduced by half in each round of division.
During which process is the chromosome number reduced by half?
Meiosis
What is the main function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?
Growth and repair of cells
Which event occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Formation of tetrads
What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?
Exchange of genetic material
Which phase of the cell cycle immediately follows mitosis?
G2 phase
What is the outcome of meiosis II in terms of chromosome number?
Maintenance of haploid chromosome number
Study Notes
Cell Division
- Cell division is essential for the replacement of old, worn out, and injured body cells.
- It is also involved in the asexual reproduction of multicellular organisms.
Mitosis
- Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cell.
- It consists of a growth phase (interphase) and a division phase (mitotic phase).
- The newly formed daughter cell has a period of growth before it reaches the fate of its mother cell.
Meiosis
- Meiosis is the process of cell division that occurs in reproductive cells (gametes) for sexual reproduction.
- It consists of two successive divisions that result in four new haploid cells (gametes).
- A diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes, while a haploid cell has one set of chromosomes.
- Meiosis occurs prior to gamete formation (oogenesis and spermatogenesis) in animals.
Meiosis I (Reductional Division)
- The chromosome number of the two daughter cells is half that of the mother cell, resulting in haploid cells.
- Each chromosome remains replicated, consisting of two chromatids.
Meiosis II (Equational Division)
- The two daughter chromatids of each chromosome separate, forming new cells.
- The number of chromosomes remains haploid.
Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces four haploid gametes.
- Mitosis can occur in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in reproductive cells.
- Mitosis does not produce variations, whereas meiosis produces genetic variations due to crossing over and random fertilization.
Explore the process of cell division in organisms through the stages of mitosis and meiosis. Understand how cells replicate, grow, and divide to replace old or damaged cells and for asexual reproduction. Learn about the phases of the cell cycle and the differences between mitosis and meiosis.
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