L13 MCQ Cell Division in Different Cell Types

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Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

G1 phase

S phase (correct)

M phase

G2 phase

Which type of cells divide frequently throughout life?

Skin cells (correct)

Muscle cells

Liver cells

Mature nerve cells

Which phase of the cell cycle do mature nerve cells and muscle cells enter into and do not divide at all?

G0 phase (correct)

M phase

S phase

G1 phase

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth and preparation for DNA replication?

G1 phase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell growth and preparation for cell division?

G2 phase Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have the ability to quickly reassemble the cell cycle control system and re-enter the cell cycle?

Liver cells Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by cell division?

M phase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by temporary disassembly of the cell cycle control system?

G2 phase Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the disappearance of nucleoli and condensation of chromatin fibers into discrete chromosomes?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the specialized center on each chromatid called, located at the centromere?

Kinetochore Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of all chromosomes on the metaphase plate?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do the centrosomes move apart?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of division of cytoplasm and organelles called in mitosis?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the condensation of chromosomes and synapsis of homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sites of crossing over during meiosis?

Chiasmata Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that creates variation in the offspring's traits during meiosis?

Crossing over Signup and view all the answers

During metaphase I of meiosis, tetrads align on the metaphase plate. How are the sister chromatids attached to the spindle fibers?

By their centromeres Signup and view all the answers

During metaphase I of meiosis, both kinetochores of sister chromatids face the same pole. What is the orientation of the centromeres of the homologous chromosomes?

They face opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes separate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sister chromatids during anaphase I of meiosis?

They remain attached Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase I of meiosis?

Nuclear envelope reforms Signup and view all the answers

What is the ploidy of the daughter cells after telophase I of meiosis?

Haploid with unduplicated chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is non-disjunction?

The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of non-disjunction during meiosis?

Production of zygotes with abnormal chromosome numbers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of independent assortment during meiosis?

To ensure genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

Which protein plays a key role at the G1 checkpoint?

Retinoblastoma (Rb) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor)?

CDC2 and Cyclin B Signup and view all the answers

Which checkpoint prevents the cell from entering M phase if the genome is damaged?

G2/M checkpoint Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that triggers progression to M phase by phosphorylating a number of proteins?

MPF Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transition between Prophase and Metaphase I in oocyte maturation?

Germinal vesicle breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of MAP kinase with CSF (Cytostatic factor) activity?

Protein kinase p90 (Rsk) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that ends the CSF-induced Met II arrest of eggs in oocyte maturation?

Dephosphorylation of tyrosine-15 and threonine-14 inhibitory kinases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MPF inhibition during meiosis I in oocyte maturation?

To promote homologous chromosomes segregation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the arrest of eggs at Metaphase II in oocyte maturation?

Metaphase II arrest Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that mediates the arrest of eggs by inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) in oocyte maturation?

Cytostatic factor (CSF) activity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division?

Immune cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three checkpoints in the cell cycle?

G1/S, S/G2, G2/M Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about cyclin dependent kinases (Cdk)?

Cdk requires the presence of cyclins to be active Signup and view all the answers

Which external signal controls the passage of cells from the G1 phase into the S phase?

Growth factors Signup and view all the answers

Which external signal is required for fibroblast division in wound healing?

Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that can inhibit cell division?

Physical factors Signup and view all the answers

Which regulatory molecules act as a checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Kinases Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of growth factors in the cell cycle?

To regulate the passage of cells from G1 phase to S phase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of external signals in the cell cycle?

Phosphorylating molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?