Cell Division and Transport in Cells

True (A)

gene

<p>Growth, repair, and replacement of damaged cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth = The cell increases in size and produces more organelles. DNA synthesis = The cell's DNA is copied. Mitosis = The nucleus divides and chromosomes are separated. Cytokinesis = The cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human embryo stem cells can differentiate into most types of cells, while adult stem cells are limited to forming certain types of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes carry genetic information in the form of DNA, which determines an organism's traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create stem cells for treating various diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>meristems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis = The process of cell division where a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells. Therapeutic cloning = The process of creating stem cells from a cloned embryo for medical treatments. Stem cells = Undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop into various specialized cell types. Meristems = Regions of actively dividing cells in plants, responsible for growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stem cells from embryos are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into many different cell types. They are also genetically compatible with the patient, reducing the chance of rejection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethical concerns include the creation and destruction of embryos, while religious objections might arise from beliefs about the sanctity of human life or the manipulation of embryos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Root hair cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase surface area for gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>root hair cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin membranes = Alveoli, lamellae Root hair cells = Roots Large surface area = Alveoli, lamellae, roots, leaves Chlorophyll = Leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for a short diffusion distance for oxygen to move from water into the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More concentrated solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>high, low</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thick layer of muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A large surface area to volume ratio allows for efficient transport of molecules in and out of the cell, meeting the organism's needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi = Small intestine Alveoli = Lungs Thin membrane = Both small intestine and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A good blood supply removes absorbed nutrients and waste products from the villi and alveoli, maintaining a difference in concentration between the inside and outside of these structures, which drives diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thick membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minerals in the soil are generally at a lower concentration than in the root cells. To take up these minerals, plants need to use energy to move them against the concentration gradient, which is achieved through active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Villi = Small intestines Alveoli = Lungs Gill filaments and lamella = Gills in fish Root hair cells = Roots Large surface area, thin and stomata = Leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood = Diffusion Movement of glucose from the gut to the blood = Active Transport Movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a semi-permeable membrane = Osmosis Movement of water from a concentrated solution to a dilute solution across a semi-permeable membrane = Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the concentration of nutrients in the gut is lower than in the blood, active transport is needed to move the nutrients into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structures within the nucleus made of DNA, carrying genetic information.

A diagram showing the complete set of chromosomes in an organism.

The series of stages through which a cell passes to divide and create new cells.

The process where a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

Undifferentiated cells that can develop into different cell types.

The stage of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, creating copies.

Stem cells derived from embryos capable of forming most human cell types.

Stem cells found in adults that can become several, but not all, cell types.

A method to create stem cells that are genetically identical to a patient.

Regions in plants where undifferentiated stem cells are found.

The process through which stem cells become specialized cell types.

A segment of DNA that encodes a specific protein or trait.

Potential dangers like infection transmission and ethical issues.

Using plant stem cells from meristems to produce identical plants.

The difference in the concentration of particles between two areas.

Higher temperatures increase particle energy, leading to faster diffusion rates.

A ratio that compares the surface area of an object to its volume, crucial for transport efficiency.

Volume is calculated using length x width x height.

Surface area is calculated by multiplying the area of one surface by the number of surfaces.

Folds that increase surface area and enhance nutrient absorption in the intestines.

Tiny air sacs that increase surface area for gas exchange in the lungs.

Good blood supply in villi helps maintain the concentration gradient for efficient transport.

The spreading of particles from high to low concentration.

Concentration gradient, temperature, surface area.

The movement of water through a partially permeable membrane.

Animal cells shrink due to water loss.

Animal cells swell and may burst due to water gain.

Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy.

Small intestines have villi, good blood supply, and thin membranes to enhance diffusion.

In a hypertonic solution, animal cells lose water by osmosis and shrivel.

Root hair cells use active transport because minerals are more concentrated in roots than in soil.

Thin membranes that facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.

Thin plates in fish gills that increase surface area for oxygen absorption.

Structures covering gill filaments that enhance oxygen absorption and have good blood supply.

Cells on roots that increase surface area to absorb water and minerals.

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell.