Cell Division and Tissues Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of collagenous fibers in connective tissues?

Transmit electrical signals

Assist in muscle contraction

Store fat for energy

Provide strength and flexibility (correct)

Neurons are a type of connective tissue.

False

What structure forms in plant cells during cytokinesis?

Cell plate

A __________ is the fundamental structural unit of compact bone tissue.

osteon Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of muscles with their functions:

Smooth muscle = Involuntary movements of internal organs Skeletal muscle = Voluntary movements Cardiac muscle = Heart contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between a sperm cell and an egg cell?

Sperm cells contain 22 autosomes and either an X or Y chromosome Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis in terms of the processes involved.

True Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cytochalasin B have on the cell cycle?

Disrupts actin function and affects cleavage furrow formation. Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

In Prophase, the nuclear envelope is fully intact.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sister chromatids during Anaphase?

They separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

The haploid number of chromosomes in human cells is ___ (fill in the blank).

23 Signup and view all the answers

Match the epithelial tissue type to its primary function:

Cuboidal Epithelium = Secretion and absorption Simple Columnar Epithelium = Absorption and secretion Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium = Movement of mucus and particles Stratified Squamous Epithelium = Protection against abrasion Simple Squamous Epithelium = Diffusion and filtration Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does DNA replication occur?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

Each daughter cell produced by cytokinesis is genetically identical to the original cell.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cilia on the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

To move mucus and trapped particles. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division and Genetics

A sperm cell has 22 autosomes and either an X or Y chromosome.
An egg cell has 22 autosomes and an X chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes (chromosome pairs) separate and move to opposite poles in meiosis I.
Meiosis II and mitosis both involve the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase.
A cell plate forms during cytokinesis in plant cells.
A cleavage furrow forms during cytokinesis in animal cells.
MPF (Maturation-Promoting Factor) activity declines at the end of mitosis.
Cytochalasin B disrupts actin function, affecting cleavage furrow formation.

Tissues and Organ Systems

Epithelial tissue forms protective layers that line organs and body cavities.
Adipose tissue stores fat for insulation and energy storage.
Collagenous fibers provide strength and flexibility to connective tissues.
Nervous tissue consists of neurons and glial cells.
Muscle tissue contracts in response to nerve signals, enabling movement.
Smooth muscle controls involuntary movements.
Neurons transmit electrical signals.
Osteons are structural units of compact bone tissue.
Squamous epithelial cells are flat and suited for diffusion and protection.

Key Terms

Autosomes: Non-sex chromosomes
Homologous chromosomes: Chromosome pairs (one from each parent) that are similar in shape and size.
Cytokinesis: The process where the cytoplasm of a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
MPF (Maturation-Promoting Factor): A complex involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.

Cell Phases (from page 2)

Prophase: Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down
Prometaphase: Microtubules attach to kinetochores
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, forming two daughter cells

Cell Cycle Regulation (from page 4)

Cyclin synthesis begins in late S phase and continues through G2, accumulating during this stage
Cyclin combines with Cdk to form MPF
MPF promotes mitosis by phosphorylating proteins, peaking in metaphase
During anaphase, cyclin is degraded, ending the M phase
MPF is recycled

Human Life Cycle (from page 5)

In humans, haploid gametes (n=23) form from diploid cells (2n=46) via meiosis.
Fertilization of the gametes results in a diploid zygote (2n=46).
Diploid zygotes undergo mitosis to form multicellular diploid adults.

Epithelial Tissues (from pages 6 & 7)

Cuboidal Epithelium: Cube-shaped cells found in glands and tubules, used for secretion and absorption
Simple Columnar Epithelium: Tall, column-like cells lining the digestive tract for absorption and secretion
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium: Appears layered but all cells contact the basement membrane; cilia help move mucus; found in respiratory tract
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Multiple layers of flat cells, providing protection against abrasion; found in skin, mouth, esophagus
Simple Squamous Epithelium: Single layer of flat cells; allows diffusion and filtration; found in lungs, blood vessels, kidney glomeruli

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Description

This quiz explores essential concepts related to cell division, including meiosis and mitosis, as well as the various types of tissues and their functions in the human body. Test your knowledge on chromosome behavior, cytokinesis, and the roles different tissue types play. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their learning!