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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which parent cells divide into two or more daughter cells?
Cell division
What is the term applied to the process that repeats during cell division?
Cell cycle
What is the name of the cell that divides into new daughter cells?
Parent cell
Cell division occurs only in certain types of cells in the body.
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What type of cell division deals with gamete formation?
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What is one of the primary phases in the cell cycle that represents the resting stage?
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What is the phase where normal cell division occurs?
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What is the phase during interphase where the cell prepares for division?
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What is the phase during interphase where cells are metabolically active?
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What phase under interphase involves protein synthesis?
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What is the division of somatic cells in eukaryotic organisms called?
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What is the phase of mitotic division that includes spindle fiber formation?
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What is the second phase of mitosis where chromosomes align along the equator?
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What phase of mitosis involves sister chromatids separating from each other?
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What phase of mitosis represents the disintegration of spindle fibers?
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What is the last phase of the cell cycle where production of two daughter cells occurs?
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What process involves a single cell dividing twice to produce four daughter cells?
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What refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in cells?
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What type of organism has only one copy of chromosomes?
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What refers to an organism that receives one each type of chromosome from female and male parents?
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What is known as the first stage of prophase 1?
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What stage in prophase 1 marks the beginning of homologous chromosome pairing?
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What is the process where homologous chromosome pairs begins?
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What stage of prophase 1 indicates readiness for crossing over?
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In what stage of prophase 1 do paired chromosomes begin to separate?
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What is the last stage of prophase 1 where the nuclear membrane breaks down?
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In which phase does independent assortment occur?
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In what phase do sister chromatids remain tightly bound together at the centromere?
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What marks the end of the first meiotic division, having half the number of chromosomes?
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What process occurs during gamete formation?
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What is the phase where sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate forming four new haploid gametes?
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Study Notes
Cell Division
- Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides to create two or more daughter cells. It is a fundamental process that occurs in all living organisms.
The Cell Cycle
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The cell cycle is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Interphase is a crucial phase within the cell cycle, considered the resting phase, but it's the time when the cell grows and copies its DNA in preparation for cell division.
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G0 phase is the quiescent phase where cells exist in a state of non-division.
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G1 phase is a period of intense metabolic activity, during which the cell synthesizes new proteins and organelles.
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S phase is the period of DNA replication, resulting in two copies of each chromosome.
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G2 phase is characterized by further growth and preparation for cell division.
Mitosis
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Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, resulting in two daughter cells with identical genetic material.
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In the prophase, the chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form.
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Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator, attached to the spindle fibers.
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In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Telophase marks the completion of mitosis, where the chromosomes fully unwind, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cytoplasm begins to divide.
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Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm divides, creating two distinct daughter cells.
Meiosis
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Meiosis is a specialized cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells), resulting in genetic diversity.
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Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up, exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over, and then separate, resulting in two daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- Leptotene is the beginning of prophase 1 where chromosomes condense and become visible.
- Zygotene is characterized by the pairing of homologous chromosomes through a process called synapsis.
- Pachytene is the stage where crossing over takes place.
- Diplotene is characterized by the beginning of separation of homologous chromosomes, although they remain connected at chiasmata.
- Diakinesis is the last stage of prophase 1, where the nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes become more compact.
- Metaphase 1: The chromosomes align at the equator.
- Anaphase 1 is the separation of homologous chromosomes, moving towards opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase 1 completes the first meiotic division, resulting in two daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.
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Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, but with half the number of chromosomes.
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Meiosis II separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically distinct daughter cells.
Ploidy
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Ploidy refers to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
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Haploid cells have only one set of chromosomes.
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Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes.
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Gametes are haploid cells, and they fuse to form a diploid zygote.
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Description
Explore the fundamental processes of cell division and the intricate stages of the cell cycle in this quiz. Test your knowledge on interphase, mitosis, and the various phases that lead to cell duplication. Ideal for biology students looking to deepen their understanding of cellular processes.
