19 Questions
What is the main function of most cell division?
To distribute genetic material to daughter cells
What is the role of cell division in single-celled organisms?
To produce new organisms
What is the function of cell division in fully grown multicellular eukaryotes?
To renew and repair
What is a genome?
All the DNA in a cell
What is the packaging form of DNA molecules in a cell?
Chromosomes
How many genes can a DNA molecule of a chromosome carry?
A few thousand genes
What distinguishes the genome of prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
The number of DNA molecules
During cell division, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into how many nuclei?
Two
What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome called?
Centromere
Which phase of the cell cycle involves cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division?
S phase
What is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes called?
Chromatin
What is the division of the genetic material in the nucleus called?
Mitosis
What is the variation of cell division that produces gametes called?
Meiosis
How many phases does interphase have?
Three
How many stages is mitosis conventionally broken down into?
Five
What is the division of the cytoplasm called?
Cytokinesis
How many chromosomes do Somatic and Gamete cells have?
46 and 23
What is the function of meiosis?
The function of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
What are the five stages of mitosis?
The five stages of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Study Notes
Cell Division and Genetic Continuity
- The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind is a characteristic that distinguishes living things from nonliving matter.
- Cell division plays several important roles in life, including the reproduction of single-celled organisms, embryonic development in multicellular eukaryotes, and renewal and repair in fully grown multicellular eukaryotes.
Cellular Organization of Genetic Material
- A cell's genome consists of all its DNA, which can be a single DNA molecule (in prokaryotic cells) or multiple DNA molecules (in eukaryotic cells).
- DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes, each carrying several hundred to a few thousand genes.
Chromosomes and Cell Division
- Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.
- Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus, with somatic cells having two sets and gametes having half as many.
- During cell division, DNA is replicated, and chromosomes condense, with each duplicated chromosome having two sister chromatids attached by cohesins.
Phases of the Cell Cycle
- The cell cycle consists of two main phases: mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and interphase (cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division).
- Interphase can be divided into three phases: G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (chromosome duplication), and G2 phase (cell growth).
Mitosis
- Mitosis consists of five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
- During mitosis, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into two nuclei, becoming chromosomes.
Test your knowledge on mitosis and cell division in this quiz! Learn about the process of cell division and how it produces genetically identical daughter cells. Explore the importance of cell reproduction in maintaining the continuity of life.
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