Cell Division and Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of most cell division?

To produce genetically identical daughter cells

To distribute genetic material to daughter cells (correct)

To package DNA molecules into chromosomes

To pass DNA accurately to the next generation

What is the role of cell division in single-celled organisms?

To undergo embryonic development

To pass DNA accurately to the next generation

To produce new organisms (correct)

To renew and repair

What is the function of cell division in fully grown multicellular eukaryotes?

To undergo embryonic development

To pass DNA accurately to the next generation

To renew and repair (correct)

To produce new organisms

What is a genome?

All the DNA in a cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the packaging form of DNA molecules in a cell?

Chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

How many genes can a DNA molecule of a chromosome carry?

A few thousand genes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the genome of prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

The number of DNA molecules Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into how many nuclei?

Two Signup and view all the answers

What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome called?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes called?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the division of the genetic material in the nucleus called?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the variation of cell division that produces gametes called?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

How many phases does interphase have?

Three Signup and view all the answers

How many stages is mitosis conventionally broken down into?

Five Signup and view all the answers

What is the division of the cytoplasm called?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do Somatic and Gamete cells have?

46 and 23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of meiosis?

The function of meiosis is to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five stages of mitosis?

The five stages of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division and Genetic Continuity

The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind is a characteristic that distinguishes living things from nonliving matter.
Cell division plays several important roles in life, including the reproduction of single-celled organisms, embryonic development in multicellular eukaryotes, and renewal and repair in fully grown multicellular eukaryotes.

Cellular Organization of Genetic Material

A cell's genome consists of all its DNA, which can be a single DNA molecule (in prokaryotic cells) or multiple DNA molecules (in eukaryotic cells).
DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into chromosomes, each carrying several hundred to a few thousand genes.

Chromosomes and Cell Division

Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of chromatin, a complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division.
Every eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus, with somatic cells having two sets and gametes having half as many.
During cell division, DNA is replicated, and chromosomes condense, with each duplicated chromosome having two sister chromatids attached by cohesins.

Phases of the Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of two main phases: mitotic (M) phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) and interphase (cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division).
Interphase can be divided into three phases: G1 phase (cell growth), S phase (chromosome duplication), and G2 phase (cell growth).

Mitosis

Mitosis consists of five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
During mitosis, the two sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and move into two nuclei, becoming chromosomes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on mitosis and cell division in this quiz! Learn about the process of cell division and how it produces genetically identical daughter cells. Explore the importance of cell reproduction in maintaining the continuity of life.