Cell Division and Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary function of cell division?

Production of hormones

Replacement of lost or damaged cells (correct)

Metabolism of nutrients

Regulation of body temperature

Which term describes chromosomes that are identical and joined together by a centromere?

Haploid chromosomes

Sister chromatids (correct)

Diploid chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes

Which of the following correctly defines a zygote?

A haploid cell

The first cell formed when two gametes unite (correct)

A cell after meiosis

A somatic cell undergoing division

In which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis take place?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic significance of crossing over during meiosis?

It leads to genetic variation in offspring Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction results in genetically identical offspring?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

How many chromatids are present in a human skin cell after DNA duplication?

46 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the term 'cell cycle'?

The series of events leading to cell division and replication Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the division of the nucleus in a cell?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the duplication of chromosomes?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm into two new cells?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

What structure breaks down during the early stages of mitosis?

Nuclear membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms describes organisms that are genetically identical from a single parent?

Clones Signup and view all the answers

What is the chromosome count in a normal human egg or sperm?

23 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies a human zygote?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

How does the chromosome number change if gametes were diploid?

It would double every generation. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the type of cell division that produces gametes in animals?

Meiosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a similarity between meiosis and mitosis?

Both undergo chromosome duplication prior to division. Signup and view all the answers

At the end of meiosis II, how many cells are formed and what is their ploidy?

Four cells; haploid Signup and view all the answers

In terms of cell type, mitosis is to a somatic cell as meiosis is to which type of cell?

Gamete Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the results of mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates diploid somatic cells; meiosis creates haploid gametes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

It produces hybrid chromosomes, enhancing genetic diversity. Signup and view all the answers

What role does independent assortment play during meiosis?

It results in random combinations of chromosomes in gametes. Signup and view all the answers

Which process does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Mitosis in somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

What component is NOT part of a nucleotide in DNA?

An amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence represents the opposing strand of DNA if one strand is ACTTGACTAGCTA?

TCAACTGATCGAT Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, what is the original strand referred to as?

Template strand Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule directly carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

mRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of RNA in the context of DNA?

To act as a structural component of ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes RNA from DNA?

Presence of ribose instead of deoxyribose Signup and view all the answers

In what way does genetic information flow in a cell?

DNA → RNA → protein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the double helix structure of DNA?

Single-stranded loops Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when information stored in DNA is copied into mRNA?

Transcription Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is NOT involved in the process of translation?

Mitochondrion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of RNA specifies an amino acid during translation?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

In the context of codons, changing the second base of a codon always leads to which outcome?

It sometimes changes the amino acid encoded. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the spread of cells from a tumor's original location?

It is known as metastasis. Signup and view all the answers

What type of RNA coordinates the process of translation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during transcription?

RNA is synthesized from DNA. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell division

Cell division is essential for replacing lost or damaged cells, reproduction and growth.
Fertilization is the union of gametes from two parents.
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction produces genetically different offspring.
Zygote is the single cell formed by the union of gametes.

Chromosomes

DNA is the molecule in living organisms that stores information, and contains genes - units of hereditary information found on chromosomes.
Chromosomes are composed of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein
Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a chromosome, attached at the centromere.

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitosis.
During interphase, the cell grows and duplicates its DNA
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus.
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells.

Mitosis

During mitosis, the chromosomes are duplicated.
Prophase: the chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope degrades, and the mitotic spindle forms.
Metaphase: chromosomes align along the middle of the cell.
Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
Telophase: nuclear envelopes reform, and the chromosomes decondense.

Gametes

Gametes are haploid sex cells – egg and sperm.
Somatic cells are all other cells in the body, which are diploid.
Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes.

Meiosis

Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes.
Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes.
Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
The result of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells.

Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity is produced by crossing over, independent assortment and random fertilization.
Crossing over occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosome pairs exchange genetic material, creating hybrid chromosomes.
Independent assortment refers to the random alignment of homologous chromosome pairs on the metaphase plate.
Random fertilization results from the random combination of egg and sperm.

DNA

DNA is a double-stranded helix composed of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base.
The bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
Chargaff's rule states that A pairs with T and G pairs with C.

DNA Replication

DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied.
During replication, the two strands of DNA separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

RNA

RNA is a single-stranded nucleic acid.
The nitrogenous bases in RNA are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G) and cytosine (C).
RNA is involved in protein synthesis.

Gene Expression

The central dogma of molecular biology states that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
Transcription is the process of copying DNA information into mRNA.
Translation is the process of translating the information in mRNA into a protein.

The Genetic Code

Each set of three nucleotides in mRNA, called a codon, codes for a specific amino acid.
tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence.
Mutations can have a range of effects, from no effect to a change in protein function.

Cancer

Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth.
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body.
Loss of gene expression control can contribute to cancer.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell division, including the processes of mitosis and the cell cycle. Explore key concepts such as fertilization, chromosomes, and the roles of various cell components. This quiz is designed for students studying biology.