Cell Division and Meiosis Concepts (Exam 2)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary outcome of mitosis?

  • It creates haploid cells.
  • It produces 4 non-identical daughter cells.
  • It produces 2 identical daughter cells. (correct)
  • It ensures genetic diversity.

    • What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

  • Diploid somatic cells.
  • Diploid gametes.
  • Identical daughter cells.
  • Haploid gametes. (correct)

    • What process during meiosis increases genetic diversity?

  • Crossing over (correct)
  • Fertilization
  • Mitosis
  • Cell differentiation

    • How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an allele?

    <p>A section of DNA that codes for a trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during independent assortment in meiosis I?

    <p>Tetrads align randomly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chromosome number of human gametes?

    <p>23 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mainly distinguishes mitosis from meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis does not increase genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meiosis in relation to genetic material?

    <p>To create genetically diverse daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis involves two rounds of division, whereas mitosis involves one round</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in chromosome alignment between meiosis I and meiosis II?

    <p>Homologous pairs separate in meiosis I, while sister chromatids separate in meiosis II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids first separate?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives natural selection according to the information provided?

    <p>Differential survival and reproduction of individuals with specific traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many unique daughter cells are formed as a result of meiosis?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of meiosis in terms of cell types produced?

    <p>Four haploid cells are produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis involves the pulling apart of sister chromatids?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the chromosome condition at the start of meiosis I?

    <p>Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the metaphase of meiosis II?

    <p>Sister chromatids line up along the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is genetic diversity important for living organisms?

    <p>It forms the foundation for evolution through natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes mitosis?

    <p>Is essential for repair and asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during anaphase of meiosis I?

    <p>The homologous chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of meiosis II?

    <p>Four genetically unique haploid daughter cells are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do sister chromatids separate?

    <p>Anaphase of meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during telophase of meiosis I?

    <p>The nuclear membrane reforms and cytokinesis occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding metaphase in meiosis?

    <p>Both metaphase I and II involve chromosomes aligning at the metaphase plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does progesterone play in the female reproductive system?

    <p>It thickens the uterine lining for implantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?

    <p>Luteinizing Hormone (LH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do birth control pills prevent pregnancy?

    <p>By maintaining consistent hormone levels to prevent ovulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes identical twins?

    <p>They are the result of a single egg that divides after fertilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect might hormonal imbalances have on a woman?

    <p>Altered mood and libido.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the release of an egg in a woman taking birth control pills?

    <p>Consistent hormone levels that avoid estrogen peaks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the uterine lining when there is a high level of progesterone?

    <p>It thickens to prepare for potential implantation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding fraternal twins?

    <p>They develop from two separately fertilized eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Division

    • Diploid cells contain homologous chromosomes, where one set comes from the father and the other from the mother.
    • Somatic cells (body cells) undergo mitosis to produce two identical daughter cells.
    • Gametes (sex cells) undergo meiosis to produce four non-identical daughter cells.
    • Meiosis involves two cell divisions: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

    Meiosis I

    • Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material during Prophase I, a process called crossing over.
    • Homologous chromosomes align independently on the metaphase plate during Metaphase I, resulting in independent assortment.
    • Homologous chromosomes separate during Anaphase I, while sister chromatids remain attached.
    • Cytoplasm divides, resulting in two haploid daughter cells during Telophase I and Cytokinesis.

    Meiosis II

    • Sister chromatids align on the metaphase plate during Metaphase II.
    • Sister chromatids separate during Anaphase II.
    • Cytoplasm divides, resulting in four haploid daughter cells during Telophase II and Cytokinesis.

    Genetic Diversity

    • Crossing over and independent assortment contribute to genetic variation during meiosis.
    • Genetic diversity is essential for the survival and evolution of species.

    Human Reproduction

    • Female hormones play a crucial role in ovulation and the menstrual cycle.
    • Estrogen triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), leading to ovulation.
    • Progesterone is responsible for thickening the uterine lining for potential implantation.
    • Birth control pills work by preventing ovulation by maintaining consistent levels of progesterone and estrogen.

    Making Twins

    • Identical twins develop from one egg fertilized by one sperm.
    • Fraternal twins develop from two eggs fertilized by two sperm.

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    Related Documents

    Meiosis PPT PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential concepts of cell division, specifically focusing on meiosis. You'll explore the stages of meiosis, including Meiosis I and II, as well as the processes of crossing over and independent assortment. Test your understanding of diploid and haploid cells, and the outcomes of somatic and gamete cell division.

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