Cell Division and Fetal Development

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What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

Spermatozoon

Zygote (correct)

Embryo

Ovum

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

Cytosol (correct)

Centrosome

Nucleus

Chromatin

What is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cholesterol

Nucleolus

Plasma membrane (correct)

What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is present in the cell contents, excluding the nucleus, and is made up of the cytosol and other organelles?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial structure formed from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule?

Electrically charged and hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

How are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipid molecules arranged in the membrane?

Aligned on the outer surfaces of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

A central water-repelling layer Signup and view all the answers

What do proteins that extend all the way through the membrane provide?

Channels for the passage of substances Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Branched carbohydrate molecules Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors (specific recognition sites) Signup and view all the answers

What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the single cell resulting from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in a cell is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of it, regulating the intracellular environment?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Hydrophilic head Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Branched carbohydrate molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

Electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Forming a central water-repelling layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

Heads aligned on outer surfaces, tails forming central layer Signup and view all the answers

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

Differences in the electric charge of the head and tail of phospholipid molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

Hydrophobic tails Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Forming a central water-repelling layer Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

Non-charged tail Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Phospholipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

Hydrophobic tails Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Carbohydrate chains Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Non-charged molecules Signup and view all the answers

What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

Controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules have attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Carbohydrate chains Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial cell from which the human body develops called?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

Membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

Hydrophobic tails of phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors for external signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Creating a central water-repelling layer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

Electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Negatively charged and hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

The arrangement of the hydrophilic heads Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

The tail Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

Regulating intracellular environment Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

Phospholipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

Central water-repelling layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the plasma membrane's structure?

Consists of two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins and sugars Signup and view all the answers

What makes up the cell contents, excluding the nucleus?

Cytosol and other organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

Zygote Signup and view all the answers

What gives the plasma membrane its immunological identity?

Proteins and sugars embedded in it Signup and view all the answers

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Electrically charged and hydrophilic Signup and view all the answers

What arrangement does the phospholipid bilayer have in the plasma membrane?

Outer surfaces aligned with hydrophilic heads Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

To repel water and form a central layer Signup and view all the answers

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

Cholesterol molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

Water-soluble substances Signup and view all the answers

'Self' markers on the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity, are attached to which molecules?

Carbohydrate chains Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

Heads aligned on outer surfaces, tails forming a central layer Signup and view all the answers

'Specific recognition sites' for hormones and other chemical messengers are found on which type of molecules?

Membrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Act as a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

Receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

Ions and water Signup and view all the answers

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

Plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

Cell Division and Fetal Development

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Questions and Answers

What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

What is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

What is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

What is present in the cell contents, excluding the nucleus, and is made up of the cytosol and other organelles?

What is the initial structure formed from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule?

How are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipid molecules arranged in the membrane?

What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

What do proteins that extend all the way through the membrane provide?

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

What is the name of the single cell resulting from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

Which structure in a cell is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of it, regulating the intracellular environment?

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

What do some membrane protein molecules have attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

What is the initial cell from which the human body develops called?

What is the name of the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell?

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

What is the primary characteristic of the plasma membrane's structure?

What makes up the cell contents, excluding the nucleus?

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

What gives the plasma membrane its immunological identity?

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

What is the primary characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

What arrangement does the phospholipid bilayer have in the plasma membrane?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

What is the function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

'Self' markers on the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity, are attached to which molecules?

What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

'Specific recognition sites' for hormones and other chemical messengers are found on which type of molecules?

What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?