Cell Division and Fetal Development
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Questions and Answers

What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

  • Spermatozoon
  • Zygote (correct)
  • Embryo
  • Ovum

    • What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

  • Cytosol (correct)
  • Centrosome
  • Nucleus
  • Chromatin

    • What is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cholesterol
  • Nucleolus
  • Plasma membrane (correct)

    • What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is present in the cell contents, excluding the nucleus, and is made up of the cytosol and other organelles?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial structure formed from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule?

    <p>Electrically charged and hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the hydrophilic heads of phospholipid molecules arranged in the membrane?

    <p>Aligned on the outer surfaces of the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

    <p>A central water-repelling layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do proteins that extend all the way through the membrane provide?

    <p>Channels for the passage of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

    <p>Branched carbohydrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors (specific recognition sites)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

    <p>Enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the single cell resulting from the fusion of the ovum and the spermatozoon?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in a cell is fundamental to cell survival as it controls the passage of substances into and out of it, regulating the intracellular environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the phospholipid molecule is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

    <p>Hydrophilic head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

    <p>Branched carbohydrate molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

    <p>Electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

    <p>Forming a central water-repelling layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Heads aligned on outer surfaces, tails forming central layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Differences in the electric charge of the head and tail of phospholipid molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobic tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

    <p>Forming a central water-repelling layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

    <p>Non-charged tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobic tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

    <p>Carbohydrate chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of molecules make up the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Non-charged molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

    <p>Controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules have attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

    <p>Carbohydrate chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial cell from which the human body develops called?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

    <p>Hydrophobic tails of phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some membrane protein molecules according to page 34?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors for external signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

    <p>Creating a central water-repelling layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

    <p>Electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Negatively charged and hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the transfer of substances across the plasma membrane?

    <p>The arrangement of the hydrophilic heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the phospholipid molecule provides a central water-repelling layer in the membrane?

    <p>The tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some functions performed by membrane proteins?

    <p>Regulating intracellular environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell, regulating the intracellular environment?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules form in the membrane?

    <p>Central water-repelling layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the plasma membrane's structure?

    <p>Consists of two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins and sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the cell contents, excluding the nucleus?

    <p>Cytosol and other organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial cell called from which the human body develops?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives the plasma membrane its immunological identity?

    <p>Proteins and sugars embedded in it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the head of a phospholipid molecule in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Electrically charged and hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What arrangement does the phospholipid bilayer have in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Outer surfaces aligned with hydrophilic heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

    <p>To repel water and form a central layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Cholesterol molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

    <p>Water-soluble substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Self' markers on the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity, are attached to which molecules?

    <p>Carbohydrate chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of the hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails in the phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>Heads aligned on outer surfaces, tails forming a central layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Specific recognition sites' for hormones and other chemical messengers are found on which type of molecules?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules in the membrane?

    <p>Act as a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the watery fluid enclosing the organelles in a cell called?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle in a cell is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do some membrane protein molecules act as for hormones and other chemical messengers?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is attached to the outside of the cell, giving it its immunological identity?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances do membrane proteins that extend through the membrane provide channels for?

    <p>Ions and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a central water-repelling layer in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of two layers of phospholipids with proteins and sugars embedded in them?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

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