Cell Division and Chromosomes

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What is the term for the two halves of a duplicated chromosome?

Homologous chromosomes

Sister chromatids (correct)

Diploid chromosomes

Haploid chromosomes

What occurs before a cell starts dividing?

The centromere disappears

The sister chromatids separate

The chromosomes duplicate (correct)

The cell divides into two daughter cells

What is the result of cell division?

Two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes (correct)

Four daughter cells with partial sets of chromosomes

One daughter cell with a complete set of chromosomes

Two daughter cells with different sets of chromosomes

What is the region called where sister chromatids are joined together?

Centromere Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

More genes and multiple chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within a chromosome?

One long DNA molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells with two sets of homologous chromosomes?

Diploid Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during meiosis?

Diploid cells divide to form haploid gametes Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are in a gamete?

23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the place on a chromosome where a gene is located?

Locus Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which cells with two sets of chromosomes alternate with cells with one set of chromosomes?

Sexual life cycle Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does chromosome duplication occur?

During S phase of preceding interphase Signup and view all the answers

What occurs between homologous (nonsister) chromatids during prophase I?

Site of crossing over Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of chromosomes in a parent cell during meiosis I?

2n = 4 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to duplicated chromosomes during prophase?

They remain separate Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes come together in pairs Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase I?

They separate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genetic recombination during prophase I of meiosis?

Increased variation Signup and view all the answers

What is formed during prophase I of meiosis when homologous segments cross over?

Hybrid chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centromere in meiosis?

To hold sister chromatids together Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are paired all along their lengths?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis?

Formation of hybrid chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the point where nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material?

Chiasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?

Two parental chromosomes and two recombinant chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during nondisjunction?

PAIR of homologous chromosomes fails to separate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis I?

Two gametes with 2n+1 chromosomes and two with 2n-1 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during normal meiosis II?

Sister chromatids separate properly Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of nondisjunction during meiosis II?

Two gametes with n chromosomes and two with n+1 or n-1 chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of abnormal chromosome counts?

Abnormal gametes are produced Signup and view all the answers