30 Questions
What is the term for the two halves of a duplicated chromosome?
Sister chromatids
What occurs before a cell starts dividing?
The chromosomes duplicate
What is the result of cell division?
Two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes
What is the region called where sister chromatids are joined together?
Centromere
What is characteristic of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
More genes and multiple chromosomes
What is contained within a chromosome?
One long DNA molecule
What is the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?
46
What is the term for cells with two sets of homologous chromosomes?
Diploid
What occurs during meiosis?
Diploid cells divide to form haploid gametes
How many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
What is the term for the place on a chromosome where a gene is located?
Locus
What is the process by which cells with two sets of chromosomes alternate with cells with one set of chromosomes?
Sexual life cycle
During which phase of the cell cycle does chromosome duplication occur?
During S phase of preceding interphase
What occurs between homologous (nonsister) chromatids during prophase I?
Site of crossing over
What is the number of chromosomes in a parent cell during meiosis I?
2n = 4
What happens to duplicated chromosomes during prophase?
They remain separate
What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes come together in pairs
What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase I?
They separate
What is the result of genetic recombination during prophase I of meiosis?
Increased variation
What is formed during prophase I of meiosis when homologous segments cross over?
Hybrid chromosomes
What is the function of the centromere in meiosis?
To hold sister chromatids together
What is the stage of meiosis where homologous chromosomes are paired all along their lengths?
Prophase I
What is the result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis?
Formation of hybrid chromosomes
What is the term for the point where nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material?
Chiasma
What is the result of crossing over during meiosis?
Two parental chromosomes and two recombinant chromosomes
What occurs during nondisjunction?
PAIR of homologous chromosomes fails to separate
What is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis I?
Two gametes with 2n+1 chromosomes and two with 2n-1 chromosomes
What occurs during normal meiosis II?
Sister chromatids separate properly
What is the outcome of nondisjunction during meiosis II?
Two gametes with n chromosomes and two with n+1 or n-1 chromosomes
What is the consequence of abnormal chromosome counts?
Abnormal gametes are produced
Learn about the process of cell division, including the duplication of chromosomes, sister chromatids, and the difference between diploid and haploid cells. Understand the concept of chromosomes duplicating before cell division and the role of proteins in holding them together.
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