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Questions and Answers
What is the formation of reproductive cells (egg and sperm) called?
What is the formation of reproductive cells (egg and sperm) called?
What type of reproduction produces genetically identical cells?
What type of reproduction produces genetically identical cells?
Asexual reproduction
What type of cell division is used in asexual reproduction?
What type of cell division is used in asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
Asexual reproduction results in genetic diversity.
Asexual reproduction results in genetic diversity.
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Which of the following are types of asexual reproduction? (Select all that apply.)
Which of the following are types of asexual reproduction? (Select all that apply.)
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What is the process of combining two haploid sex cells (gametes) called?
What is the process of combining two haploid sex cells (gametes) called?
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What is the new individual cell formed during sexual reproduction called?
What is the new individual cell formed during sexual reproduction called?
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What is the process of converting a diploid cell to a haploid gamete?
What is the process of converting a diploid cell to a haploid gamete?
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Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction.
Meiosis is a form of asexual reproduction.
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What is the end product of meiosis?
What is the end product of meiosis?
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What happens during mitosis?
What happens during mitosis?
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What is the result of meiosis?
What is the result of meiosis?
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What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
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What is the longest period of interphase?
What is the longest period of interphase?
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What happens during S phase?
What happens during S phase?
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Which phase of interphase precedes G2?
Which phase of interphase precedes G2?
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Which phase of the cell cycle follows anaphase?
Which phase of the cell cycle follows anaphase?
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What is the name for the division of the cytoplasm and organelles?
What is the name for the division of the cytoplasm and organelles?
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During which portion of the cell cycle does the cleavage furrow form in animal cells?
During which portion of the cell cycle does the cleavage furrow form in animal cells?
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During which portion of the cell cycle does the cell plate form in plant cells?
During which portion of the cell cycle does the cell plate form in plant cells?
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Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the disappearance of spindle fibers?
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the disappearance of spindle fibers?
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Which nitrogenous base always pairs with guanine?
Which nitrogenous base always pairs with guanine?
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What phase of the cell cycle occurs immediately after cytokinesis?
What phase of the cell cycle occurs immediately after cytokinesis?
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During which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell?
During which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell?
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Which of the following pairs of chromosomes is found in a female?
Which of the following pairs of chromosomes is found in a female?
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During which portion of interphase is DNA copied?
During which portion of interphase is DNA copied?
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During which portion of interphase do cells grow in size?
During which portion of interphase do cells grow in size?
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Which portion of interphase is the longest ?
Which portion of interphase is the longest ?
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What type of reproduction results in genetically identical cells?
What type of reproduction results in genetically identical cells?
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During which portion of interphase does the cell prepare for division?
During which portion of interphase does the cell prepare for division?
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During which phase of the cell cycle does chromatin begin to coil into chromosomes attached at the centromere?
During which phase of the cell cycle does chromatin begin to coil into chromosomes attached at the centromere?
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Where are chromosomes found in a cell?
Where are chromosomes found in a cell?
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During which phase of the cell cycle do spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles?
During which phase of the cell cycle do spindle fibers shorten, pulling sister chromatids to opposite poles?
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What is the division of the nucleus called?
What is the division of the nucleus called?
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What are two identical copies of a chromosome attached by a centromere called?
What are two identical copies of a chromosome attached by a centromere called?
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What is the division of the cytoplasm called?
What is the division of the cytoplasm called?
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What is the term used to describe the center of the cell where chromosomes line up?
What is the term used to describe the center of the cell where chromosomes line up?
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During which phase of the cell cycle does the spindle apparatus form in animal cells?
During which phase of the cell cycle does the spindle apparatus form in animal cells?
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During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes move to the center of the cell?
During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes move to the center of the cell?
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What is the time interval between cell divisions called?
What is the time interval between cell divisions called?
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Which of the following represents haploid?
Which of the following represents haploid?
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What is the term used to describe the non-dividing phase of muscle and nerve cells?
What is the term used to describe the non-dividing phase of muscle and nerve cells?
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What structure is used by cells to guide the separation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells?
What structure is used by cells to guide the separation of sister chromatids into two daughter cells?
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Which nitrogenous base always binds to thymine?
Which nitrogenous base always binds to thymine?
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What type of cell division results in a daughter cell being much smaller than the parent cell?
What type of cell division results in a daughter cell being much smaller than the parent cell?
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Which phase of the cell cycle are cells used for karyotyping?
Which phase of the cell cycle are cells used for karyotyping?
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What ratio helps determine when a cell should divide?
What ratio helps determine when a cell should divide?
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What is the term used to describe cell division in prokaryotes?
What is the term used to describe cell division in prokaryotes?
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During which phase of the cell cycle do centromeres divide?
During which phase of the cell cycle do centromeres divide?
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During which phase of the cell cycle do nuclear envelopes reassemble?
During which phase of the cell cycle do nuclear envelopes reassemble?
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What are non-sex chromosomes called?
What are non-sex chromosomes called?
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What is a photograph showing all the chromosomes in a person's body called?
What is a photograph showing all the chromosomes in a person's body called?
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What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
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Which form of DNA is present in G1 interphase?
Which form of DNA is present in G1 interphase?
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Which form of DNA is present in S phase?
Which form of DNA is present in S phase?
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Which form of DNA is present in Cytokinesis?
Which form of DNA is present in Cytokinesis?
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How many nuclei are present in G1 interphase?
How many nuclei are present in G1 interphase?
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How many nuclei are present in Prophase?
How many nuclei are present in Prophase?
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How many nuclei are present in Cytokinesis?
How many nuclei are present in Cytokinesis?
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Is the DNA joined or individual in G1 Interphase?
Is the DNA joined or individual in G1 Interphase?
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Is the DNA joined or individual in Prophase?
Is the DNA joined or individual in Prophase?
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Is the DNA joined or individual in Cytokinesis?
Is the DNA joined or individual in Cytokinesis?
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Study Notes
Cell Cycle Summary
- Meiosis: Formation of reproductive cells (egg and sperm).
- Asexual Reproduction: Production of offspring from a single parent. Methods include binary fission, spores, vegetative propagation, and regeneration.
- Asexual Reproduction Outcome: Genetically identical offspring.
- Asexual Reproduction Diversity: No genetic diversity in offspring.
- Sexual Reproduction: Formation of a new individual by the fertilization of two haploid gametes (egg and sperm), creating a zygote.
- Meiosis Function: Converts a diploid cell into haploid gametes, increasing genetic diversity in offspring.
- Mitosis: Division of a single nucleus into two identical nuclei.
- Meiosis Outcome: Four haploid daughter cells.
- Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Mitosis is one division, creating two identical cells; Meiosis is two divisions, creating four unique cells.
- Cell Cycle Phases: Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.
- Interphase: Longest phase, divided into G1 (cell growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for division).
- G0 Phase: Non-dividing phase found in some cells (e.g., nerve and muscle cells).
- Mitosis Stages: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm, and organelles.
- G1 Phase Details: Cell obtains nutrients, synthesizes RNA, produces proteins, and grows in size. This is the longest part of interphase.
- S Phase: Chromatin is duplicated and held together by a centromere.
- Telophase: Follows anaphase, and is the final phase of Mitosis, before cytokinesis.
- Chromatin/Chromosomes: Interphase typically involves chromatin, while mitosis involves chromosomes.
- Chromosome Number: Humans have 46 chromosomes in diploid cells.
- Haploid/Diploid: "N" (haploid) refers to half the chromosome number; "2N" (diploid) refers to the full chromosome set.
- Sex Chromosomes: Females have XX; Males have XY.
- Volume : Surface Area Ratio: Important factor influencing cell division.
Specific Cell Cycle Events
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (middle of the cell)
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
- Telophase: Chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and the chromosomes uncoil back to chromatin.
- Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm to create two separate cells; differs in animal and plant cells (cleavage furrow vs. cell plate).
- Spindle Apparatus: Used to guide chromosomes during separation.
- Karyotyping: Use of metaphase cells to visualize chromosomes.
- Binary Fission: Prokaryotic cell division.
- Budding: A type of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud from the parent body.
DNA and Cell Cycle
- DNA Replication: Occurs during the S phase of interphase.
- Chromatids: Identical copies of a chromosome, held together by the centromere.
- Centromere: Region where sister chromatids are joined.
- Stages of Chromatin/Chromosome Change: Details of when chromatin is in condensed or uncondensed form during each stage.
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Description
Test your understanding of the cell cycle, including meiosis, mitosis, and asexual reproduction. This quiz covers the key phases and outcomes of each process, along with their importance in genetic diversity. Answer questions that will solidify your knowledge of cellular reproduction.
