Cell Cycle Phases: G1 and S Phase

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the metaphase checkpoint in the cell cycle?

  • To signal the start of mitosis
  • To initiate DNA replication
  • To ensure that the spindle has formed and all chromosomes are aligned at the equator (correct)
  • To check for mutations in the DNA

Which molecule is highlighted as the major player in the cell cycle control?

  • Cyclin (correct)
  • CDKs
  • Frequency of cell division
  • Timothy Hunt

Why do mature nerve cells and muscle cells not divide after maturity?

  • Due to their high metabolic rate
  • To conserve energy for other cellular functions
  • They permanently enter G0 phase (correct)
  • Because they lack the necessary organelles for division

What happens in malignant tumors?

<p>They metastasize and spread to other parts of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle do skin cells divide frequently throughout life?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason cells need to divide when they become too large?

<p>To maintain a balance between volume and surface area (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells retain the ability to divide but keep it reserved for specific occasions?

<p>Liver cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?

<p>They are clumped together and can usually be removed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is crucial for almost all transformation efforts?

<p>Selection of efficient transformation techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves using a gene gun for transformation?

<p>Biolistic - gene gun (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vector is commonly used in genetic engineering for plant transformation?

<p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of evaluating transgenic plants for their effectiveness in alleviating stresses?

<p>To assess their ability to lessen biotic and abiotic stresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves the direct transfer of genes into protoplasts?

<p>Protoplast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key process for the development of reliable tissue culture regeneration systems?

<p>Preparation of gene constructs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT commonly used for plant transformation?

<p>Virus vectors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last step mentioned in the text for plant transformation?

<p>Seed infection with Agrobacterium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of evaluating transgenic plants?

<p>To assess gene expression efficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the evaluation of transgenic plants aim to avoid in environmental terms?

<p>Being an environmental biohazard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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