Cell Cycle Phases: G1 and S Phase
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the metaphase checkpoint in the cell cycle?

  • To signal the start of mitosis
  • To initiate DNA replication
  • To ensure that the spindle has formed and all chromosomes are aligned at the equator (correct)
  • To check for mutations in the DNA
  • Which molecule is highlighted as the major player in the cell cycle control?

  • Cyclin (correct)
  • CDKs
  • Frequency of cell division
  • Timothy Hunt
  • Why do mature nerve cells and muscle cells not divide after maturity?

  • Due to their high metabolic rate
  • To conserve energy for other cellular functions
  • They permanently enter G0 phase (correct)
  • Because they lack the necessary organelles for division
  • What happens in malignant tumors?

    <p>They metastasize and spread to other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of the cell cycle do skin cells divide frequently throughout life?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason cells need to divide when they become too large?

    <p>To maintain a balance between volume and surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells retain the ability to divide but keep it reserved for specific occasions?

    <p>Liver cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of benign tumors?

    <p>They are clumped together and can usually be removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is crucial for almost all transformation efforts?

    <p>Selection of efficient transformation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves using a gene gun for transformation?

    <p>Biolistic - gene gun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is commonly used in genetic engineering for plant transformation?

    <p>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating transgenic plants for their effectiveness in alleviating stresses?

    <p>To assess their ability to lessen biotic and abiotic stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the direct transfer of genes into protoplasts?

    <p>Protoplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key process for the development of reliable tissue culture regeneration systems?

    <p>Preparation of gene constructs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT commonly used for plant transformation?

    <p>Virus vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the last step mentioned in the text for plant transformation?

    <p>Seed infection with Agrobacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of evaluating transgenic plants?

    <p>To assess gene expression efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evaluation of transgenic plants aim to avoid in environmental terms?

    <p>Being an environmental biohazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

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