Analysis of Cancer cells

Series of biochemical signaling pathways that drive cells through growth and proliferation, involving DNA duplication (mitosis) and cell division (cytokinesis), resulting in two identical daughter cells. Stages include M, G1, S, and G2.

Cell division occurs continuously, unregulated by the normal cell cycle. Often results from mutations.

Frequently caused by mutations that disrupt the control of cellular growth, leading to gain or loss of protein functions and cell destabilization.

Genes that code for proteins regulating cell growth and division. Can be converted into oncogenes through mutation.

A mutated proto-oncogene that promotes continuous cell division. It becomes activated, signaling the cell to divide uncontrollably.

Genes that inhibit cell growth and prevent tumor formation, acting as a check on cell proliferation.

A protein that regulates tumor suppression, DNA repair, and apoptosis (programmed cell death).

Uncontrolled growth without contact inhibition. Easier to grow than normal cells.

Large, irregularly shaped nucleus, loss of normal cell structure, changes in cell shape, and disorganized cell spreading are.

Methylene blue dye stains nuclear material, and eosin stains cytoplasm and connective tissue pink.

1. Tissue cut and placed on slide. 2. Rehydration buffer. 3. Methylene blue stain. 4. Eosin stain. 5. Microscopy.

Cells are organized, ellipsoid shape, appear similar, form a uniform layer, and exhibit contact inhibition.

No contact inhibition, cells clump and pile up, irregular shape, cells differ from each other, disorganized, less adherent, large irregular nucleus.