Cell Cycle Overview and Mitosis Stages
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Questions and Answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

  • S phase (correct)
  • G2 phase
  • G1 phase
  • Prophase

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles?

  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase (correct)
  • Telophase

What is the primary function of the G1 phase in the cell cycle?

  • Preparation for mitosis
  • Separation of sister chromatids
  • DNA replication
  • Cell growth and normal function (correct)

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

<p>Metaphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division?

<p>Increase in cell size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event immediately follows telophase in animal cells?

<p>Cytokinesis involving a contractile ring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear membrane reform?

<p>Telophase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is specifically associated with plant cell cytokinesis?

<p>Formation of a cell plate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell?

<p>Anaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

<p>Programmed cell death. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis differ between animal cells and plant cells?

<p>Animal cells form a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) primarily involved in within the cell cycle?

<p>Regulating the progression of the cell cycle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the length of a cell cycle in different cell types?

<p>Cancer cells typically divide more quickly than most cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

<p>It dissolves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitosis?

<p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

<p>They attach to and separate chromosomes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle involves cell growth and the absorption of nutrients?

<p>G1 phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is a series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and replication. This cycle consists of two main stages: interphase and mitosis.

What occurs during the interphase stage?

Interphase is the stage where a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for mitosis. There are three sub-phases: G1, S, and G2.

What happens in G1 phase?

G1 phase focuses on cell growth and normal function

What happens in S phase?

S phase is the phase where the cell replicates its DNA. This ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.

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What happens in G2 phase?

G2 phase sees the cell grow further and prepares the essential components, like proteins and organelles, for mitosis.

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What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell. It consists of four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

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What happens during the Prophase of mitosis?

Prophase marks the beginning of mitosis, where the chromosomes become visible, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.

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What happens during the Anaphase of mitosis?

Anaphase is the stage where sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers, ensuring each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes.

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What is cell division?

The process of dividing and forming new cells.

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How do you get bigger?

Organisms grow larger by increasing the number of cells, not by making existing cells bigger.

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When is cell division fastest and slowest?

Cells divide most rapidly during childhood and growth. They divide less frequently in adulthood and even slower in old age.

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Do cells divide forever?

Most cells have a limited number of divisions before they die, a process called apoptosis.

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Do all cells divide?

Not all cells can divide. For example, nerve cells usually don't divide after they mature.

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What happens in interphase?

Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

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What is prophase?

Prophase is the longest stage of mitosis where the chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle fibers form.

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What is cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm, forming two daughter cells with their own cytoplasm and organelles.

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What regulates cell division?

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) act as checkpoints to control the timing of each phase of the cell cycle.

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Study Notes

Cell Cycle Overview

  • The cell cycle encompasses interphase (growth and DNA replication) and mitosis (cell division).
  • Interphase comprises three phases: G1 (growth and function), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

Mitosis Stages

  • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes; nuclear membrane dissolves; mitotic spindle forms.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate; spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.
  • Telophase: Chromosomes reach poles; nuclear membrane reforms around each set; chromosomes revert to chromatin.

Cytokinesis

  • Cytoplasm divides, creating two distinct daughter cells.
  • Animal cells: Contractile ring pinches the cell.
  • Plant cells: Cell plate forms to create new cell wall.

Cell Cycle Functions

  • Growth: Increased cell numbers form tissues and organs.
  • Repair: Damaged cells are replaced.
  • Reproduction (unicellular organisms): Cell division produces new organisms.
  • Reproduction (multicellular organisms): Specialized cells (gametes) facilitate sexual reproduction.
  • Maintain surface area-to-volume ratio: Crucial as cell growth increases volume faster than surface area.
  • Differentiation: Specialized cells develop for specific tissue and organ functions.

Cell Cycle Duration

  • Cell cycle durations vary depending on cell type.
  • Examples: Mammal cell division (~12-24 hours), bacterial cell division (~20-30 minutes).

Cell Division Throughout Life

  • Childhood: Cell division exceeds cell death.
  • Adulthood: Cell division equals cell death.
  • Later years: Cell division rate decreases below cell death rate.

Cell Cycle Regulation

  • Cellular regulation with checkpoints ensuring accurate cell growth/division.
  • Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key proteins regulating cell cycle progression.

Cancer

  • Cancer arises when cells ignore regulatory signals, leading to uncontrolled growth.
  • Carcinogens (cancer-causing substances) contribute to cancer development.

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Description

This quiz explores the intricacies of the cell cycle, focusing on interphase and the stages of mitosis. You'll learn about the phases involved, from growth to DNA replication, and how cytokinesis leads to the formation of daughter cells. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.

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