18 Questions
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What is the purpose of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
To ensure that the correct events have taken place
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the breakdown of the nuclear envelope?
Prophase
What is cytokinesis?
the process of dividing the cell contents to make two new cells
At which stage of the cell cycle do individual chromosomes become visible?
Early prophase
What happens during late prophase (prometaphase) of mitosis?
The nuclear envelope breaks down
What is the purpose of the mitotic spindle?
To pull apart the chromosomes
What is the purpose of the centrosomes in the cell?
To move the chromosomes
What is the purpose of the nuclear membrane in the cell?
To protect the DNA
During metaphase, where do the chromosomes migrate to?
The equator of the cell
Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce reproductive cells
When does DNA replication occur in meiosis?
Before meiosis I
What happens during anaphase of meiosis I?
replicated chromosomes separate
How many rounds of division occur in meiosis?
Two
What is the result of meiosis?
Four haploid cells
What is the purpose of cytokinesis in an animal cell?
To create an indentation called the cleavage furrow
What is the purpose of mitosis in the animal body?
To enable multicellular adult to arise from zygote
Study Notes
Cell Cycle
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
- Checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that the process proceeds correctly and prevent damaged or unhealthy cells from dividing.
Mitosis
- The breakdown of the nuclear envelope occurs during prometaphase of mitosis.
- Cytokinesis is the process of cell division that occurs after mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells.
- Individual chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis.
- During late prophase (prometaphase) of mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.
- The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating chromosomes and moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
- Centrosomes help to organize the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle.
- The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.
- During metaphase, chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell and align at the metaphase plate.
- Anaphase is the phase of mitosis characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell.
Meiosis
- Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
- DNA replication occurs during interphase of meiosis, before the division process begins.
- During anaphase of meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes separate, with each member of the pair moving to opposite poles of the cell.
- Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division.
- The result of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells, each with a unique combination of genetic material.
- In animal cells, cytokinesis follows meiosis, resulting in four distinct cells.
- The purpose of mitosis in the animal body is to produce new cells for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged cells.
Test your knowledge on the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis with this quiz. Understand the phases of mitosis and meiosis, and how the cell cycle regulates cell growth and division. Get ready to master the key concepts of cell proliferation in eukaryotic cells.
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