Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

• DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
• Checkpoints in the cell cycle ensure that the process proceeds correctly and prevent damaged or unhealthy cells from dividing.

Mitosis

• The breakdown of the nuclear envelope occurs during prometaphase of mitosis.
• Cytokinesis is the process of cell division that occurs after mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells.
• Individual chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis.
• During late prophase (prometaphase) of mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms.
• The mitotic spindle is responsible for separating chromosomes and moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
• Centrosomes help to organize the microtubules that form the mitotic spindle.
• The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.
• During metaphase, chromosomes migrate to the center of the cell and align at the metaphase plate.
• Anaphase is the phase of mitosis characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement towards opposite poles of the cell.

Meiosis

• Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
• DNA replication occurs during interphase of meiosis, before the division process begins.
• During anaphase of meiosis I, homologous pairs of chromosomes separate, with each member of the pair moving to opposite poles of the cell.
• Meiosis involves two rounds of cell division.
• The result of meiosis is four haploid daughter cells, each with a unique combination of genetic material.
• In animal cells, cytokinesis follows meiosis, resulting in four distinct cells.
• The purpose of mitosis in the animal body is to produce new cells for growth, repair, and replacement of damaged cells.

Test your knowledge on the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis with this quiz. Understand the phases of mitosis and meiosis, and how the cell cycle regulates cell growth and division. Get ready to master the key concepts of cell proliferation in eukaryotic cells.