24 Questions
During which stage of meiosis II do centromeres divide and are pulled by spindle fibers to opposite poles?
Anaphase II
Which process produces daughter cells that are exact copies of the parental cell for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction?
Mitosis
What occurs during the diplotene stage of meiosis?
Crossing over between homologous chromosomes
What is the significance of meiosis in producing offspring different from their parents?
Random distribution of chromosomes during metaphase I and consequent independent assortment
What process converts the spermatocyte into four spermatids?
Spermatogenesis
What prevents additional sperm from entering the egg during fertilization?
Surface alterations induced by hormonal stimulation
"Spindle develops at right angle to spindle of 1st meiotic division" occurs during which stage of meiosis?
Prophase II
What happens when chromatids reach opposite poles during Telophase II?
Chromatids unwind, nuclear envelope reforms, nucleolus disappears
What is produced by crossing over between homologous chromosomes?
Variation in offspring
What happens during the first part of interphase?
The cell grows to full size and produces necessary structures
What is the process called when the cell makes an exact copy of its DNA during interphase?
Replication
What happens to the threadlike chromatin in the cell's nucleus during prophase of mitosis?
It condenses to form double-rod structures called chromosomes
What is the name of the structure that holds together two chromatids in a chromosome during prophase?
Centromere
What is the stage during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei?
Cytokinesis
What happens during anaphase of cell division?
The spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits, pulling separated sister chromatids towards opposite poles
How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells?
Through the formation of new cell walls and plasma membranes inside the cell
What is the role of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis?
Keeping homologous chromosomes aligned and closely associated during prophase I
What marks the end of mitosis?
Telophase
What is the process following mitosis?
Cytokinesis
What happens during prophase I of meiosis?
Chromosomes become visible and actively condense, homologous chromosomes pair up and synapse, forming a bivalent.
What is the result of meiosis?
Four haploid daughter cells
How do animal cells undergo cytokinesis?
Mediated by a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments beneath the plasma membrane.
What happens to sister chromatids during metaphase?
Chromosomes align themselves at the equator of the spindle.
What occurs at diplotene during meiosis?
Disassembly of the synaptonemal complex and separation of homologous chromosomes
Study Notes
- The spindle apparatus moves to opposite poles of the cell during cell division.
- Sister chromatids are attached to centrioles and spindle fibers during prophase in both animal and plant cells.
- Chromosomes align themselves at the equator of the spindle during metaphase in both animal and plant cells.
- During anaphase, the spindle fibers shorten and the centromere splits, pulling separated sister chromatids towards opposite poles in both animal and plant cells.
- Telophase marks the end of mitosis, where chromosomes reach the poles and appear as chromatin, nuclear membranes reform, and new nuclei form.
- Cytokinesis is the process following mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells, coordinating nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
- In animal cells, cytokinesis is mediated by a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments that forms beneath the plasma membrane and pinches the cell in half.
- Plant cells divide through the formation of new cell walls and plasma membranes inside the cell.
- Both animal and plant cells undergo cytokinesis, with the cytoplasm dividing and distributing organelles, and each resulting in two daughter cells with identical chromosomes.
- Meiosis is a process of cell division that gives rise to four haploid daughter cells, forming gametes or spores in plants.
- Prophase I is the first phase of meiosis, where chromosomes become visible and actively condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up and synapse, forming a bivalent.
- During prophase I, the synaptonemal complex forms along the length of the paired chromosomes, keeping them aligned and closely associated.
- Synapsis and recombination between homologous chromosomes are completed during pachytene, and the synaptonemal complex disappears at diplotene, allowing the homologous chromosomes to separate.
- At the end of meiosis I, the chromosomes are separated into two daughter cells, and meiosis II ensues, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells.
Test your knowledge on the first stage of the cell cycle, where the cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division. Learn about the different phases within interphase and their functions.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
