Uzma altfragen 97mcq from quiz

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At which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell's cycle halted if the cell's DNA is damaged?

G1-S (correct)

S-G2

G2-M

G0-G1

Peroxisomes:

Can replicate by division (correct)

Are small, double membrane-enclosed organelles that contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions

If entirely lost to the cell, the cell will undergo apoptosis, Have their own genomes and proteins

All answers are correct

Lamins Nuclear lamina is composed of:

Laminins

Selectins ntegrins

Fibronectins

lamins (correct)

What is true for lipids:

All are true Signup and view all the answers

Secondary cell walls in plants:

More rigid than primary walls. Signup and view all the answers

The resolution of the light microscope is approximately:

0.2 µm Signup and view all the answers

Evolutionarily conserved proteins performing important functions

True Signup and view all the answers

Nuclear envelope is composed of two nuclear membranes and:

Nuclear lamina plus nuclear pore complex Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen is found in basal lamina?

IV Signup and view all the answers

The human genome consists of 100,000 genes

False Signup and view all the answers

Enhancers contain multiple functional sequence elements that bind different transcriptional regulatory proteins.

True Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA synthesis

In contrast to DNA synthesis, the synthesis of RNA can initiate de novo, and an enzyme called primase synthesizes short fragments of RNA complementary to the lagging strand template at the replication fork Signup and view all the answers

Splicing takes place in the cytoplasm immediately after transcription.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is not true for tight junctions?

Consist of assemblies of six connexins Signup and view all the answers

DNA strand synthesis

All answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

Nonpolar amino acid is:

Leucine Signup and view all the answers

Chromatin:

Is condensed by being coiled into higher order structures organized into large loops of DNA Signup and view all the answers

NTF2 is:

Import receptor for Ran/GDP Signup and view all the answers

Transfer RNAs:

All answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

Mitochondria:

Are organelles where oxidative phosphorylation takes place Signup and view all the answers

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER):

It has a role in protein processing and sorting. Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase.

False Signup and view all the answers

Recombination

All answers are correct. Signup and view all the answers

Protein folding and processing in the ER:

The Hsp70 chaperone, BiP, is thought to bind to the unfolded polypeptide chain as it crosses the membrane and then mediate protein folding and the assembly of multisubunit proteins within the ER. Signup and view all the answers

Desmin is:

Intermediate filament expressed in muscle cell Signup and view all the answers

Damage to DNA:

Some lesions in DNA can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way of dealing with specific types of DNA damage that occur frequently Signup and view all the answers

Prophase I is subdivided into 5 stages except

Haplotene Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication enzymes

Helicases - enzymes that unwind double-stranded DNA Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic transcription requires many proteins in a coordinated fashion to drive the process of converting DNA to RNA. RNA polymerase, the enzyme that initiates transcription, needs a number of factors and components to begin transcribing a gene. Which of the following answers is NOT one of these factors:

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Protein that connects the Z discs of contractile elements in muscle is:

Desmin Signup and view all the answers

Cancer can show density-dependent inhibition

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the function of transcription factors is not true?

Transcription factors can only be activated by phosphatases Signup and view all the answers

he primary transcript is much longer than the mRNA that will eventually be translated. This can be explained by which of the following answers?

Introns have not yet been removed from the transcript Signup and view all the answers

Proteins destined for incorporation into the plasma membrane or the membranes of different compartments:

From the ER membrane, they proceed to their final destination along the same pathway as that of secretory proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Actin-based cell surface protrusions are:

Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Apoptosis

Is programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

Glucose passes through the membrane:

Using carrier proteins Signup and view all the answers

Monosaccharides are joined in dehydration reactions in which water is removed by:

Glycosidic bonds Signup and view all the answers

The core transcription factors that play central roles in this stem cell programming are:

Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog Signup and view all the answers

mRNAs:

All answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

The spread of cancer cells to sites away from the initial tumor is known as:

Metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Transposition via DNA intermediates:

Elements that move by transposition are called transposable elements, or transposons Signup and view all the answers

Chromatin remodeling factors:

Are protein complexes that use energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP to alter the contacts between DNA and histones Signup and view all the answers

Transcription-coupled repair:

It is specifically dedicated to repairing damage within actively transcribed genes Signup and view all the answers

The only GAG that occurs as a single long polysaccharide chain is:

Hyaluronan Signup and view all the answers

Microfilaments are composed of:

Actin Signup and view all the answers

Proteins that can be translocated into the ER:

During their synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes (cotranslational translocation)

During their synthesis on membrane-bound ribosomes (cotranscriptional translocation)

After their translation has been completed on free ribosomes in the cytosol (posttranslational translocation)

After their translation has been completed on free ribosomes in the cytosol (posttranscriptional translocation)

1 and 3 Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA are stable?

False Signup and view all the answers

The growth of cancer is correlated with the presence of extrinsic growth factors

True Signup and view all the answers

The simplest eukaryote is:

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Signup and view all the answers

tRNAs:

tRNAs are synthesized as longer precursor molecules (pre-tRNAs) some of which contain several individual tRNA sequences Signup and view all the answers

DNA replication:

Is a semiconservative process in which each parental strand serves as a template for the synthesis of 2 new complementary strands Signup and view all the answers

Autophagy:

Is regulated both in response to the availability of nutrients and during development of multicellular organisms Signup and view all the answers

Chromatin immunoprecipitation:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation is a technique for determining the regions of DNA that bind a transcription factor within the cell Signup and view all the answers

General transcription factors and initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

Eukaryotic RNA polymerases do not bind directly to promoter sequences, they require additional proteins to initiate transcription Signup and view all the answers

The inner mitochondrial membrane:

Represents the principal site of ATP generation Signup and view all the answers

What is not a part of the main tissue systems in plants?

Muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

Transcription factor binding sites are unique sequences for each transcription factor

False Signup and view all the answers

Microfilaments are composed of:

Actin Signup and view all the answers

Differential interference-contrast microscopy uses:

Variations in density between different parts of the cell for visualization Signup and view all the answers

Macropinocytosis is:

Uptake of extracellular fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is true for dynein?

It moves toward the minus end along the microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Genes that contribute to cancer through increased expression are:

Oncogenes Signup and view all the answers

Proteins destined for incorporation into the plasma membrane or the membranes of different compartments:

From the ER membrane, they proceed to their final destination along the same pathway as that of secretory proteins: Golgi - ER - lysosomes - Plasma membrane or endosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the promoter?

A sequence of DNA used to signal the beginning point of transcription Signup and view all the answers

Lipid rafts are composed of:

Sphingomyelin and glycolipids Signup and view all the answers

Translation:

Protein synthesis involves interactions between three types of RNA molecules (mRNA templates, tRNA and rRNAs), as well as various proteins that are required for translation Signup and view all the answers

Nucleolus-associated domains (NADs) are:

Transcriptionally inactive heterochromatin Signup and view all the answers

Enhancers contain multiple functional sequence elements that bind different transcriptional regulatory proteins

True Signup and view all the answers

Chemiosmotic coupling:

All answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids are joined together by:

Peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

The most common method for visualizing LIVING cells is:

Phase-contrast microscopy Signup and view all the answers

All is true for caspases except:

Are the normal-cell genes from which the retroviral oncogenes originated Signup and view all the answers

p53

Can activate DNA repair proteins when DNA has sustained damage Signup and view all the answers

Genes that can contribute to cancer through a loss-of-function mutation are:

Tumor suppressor genes Signup and view all the answers

Prophase I is subdivided into 5 stages except

Pachytene Diplotene Signup and view all the answers

Aquaporins are

Involved in active transport of water through the plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

The only GAG that occurs as a single long polysaccharide chain is:

Hyaluronan Signup and view all the answers

DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria is transcribed by RNA polymerase III

False Signup and view all the answers

There is extensive modification of bases in tRNA molecules

True Signup and view all the answers

The OCR result of this image is: "Gene copies which lost ability to produce a functional gene product are called:

Pseudogenes Signup and view all the answers

...............are............... parts of molecules that do not contain information about a protein's primary structure. Correct answer is:

Introns ... pre-mRNA Signup and view all the answers

The ability of a microscope to distinguish objects separated by small distances

Resolution Signup and view all the answers

Damage to DNA

Some lesions in DNA can be repaired by direct reversal of the damage, which may be a more efficient way of dealing with specific types of DNA damage that occur frequently Signup and view all the answers

The OCR result of this image is: "Transposition via DNA intermediates:

Elements that move by transposition are called transposable elements, or transposons Signup and view all the answers

The OCR result of this image is: "Contact between cells at adherens junctions is mediated by:

Cadherins Signup and view all the answers

The OCR result of this image is: "Monosaccharides are joined in dehydration reactions in which water is removed by:

Glycosidic bonds Signup and view all the answers

Chaperones:

Catalyze protein folding Signup and view all the answers

What is true for the protein transport through the nuclear pore complex?

There is a high concentration of Ran/GDP within the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Transcriptional activators typically consist of:

a and b Signup and view all the answers

Desmin is:

Actin filament expressed in muscle cells Intermediate filament expressed in muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

The translation of particular mRNAs can be regulated by: 1. Translational repressor proteins 2. Noncoding microRNAs 3. Controlled polyadenylation 4. Elongation

1,2 and 3 Signup and view all the answers

The nuclear envelope is composed of two nuclear membranes and:

Nuclear lamina plus nuclear pore complex Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic transcription requires many proteins in a coordinated fashion to drive the process of converting DNA to RNA. RNA polymerase, the enzyme that initiates transcription, needs a number of factors and components to begin transcribing a gene. Which of the following answers is NOT one of these factors:

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Telomeres

Telomerase is an enzyme which is able to catalyze the synthesis of telomeres in the absence of a DNA template Signup and view all the answers

Domains are basic units of:

Protein tertiary structure Signup and view all the answers

Which filament(s) is/are polar?

Microfilaments and microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Controls that tie the integrity of the genome with progression throughout the cell cycle

Checkpoints Signup and view all the answers

The base composition of a virus was found to be: 11% A, 32% G, 18% U and 39% C. It is a:

RNA virus Signup and view all the answers

Ribosomes:

They are usually designated according to their rates of sedimentation: 80S for eukaryotic cells ribosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic repressors.

All answers are correct" Signup and view all the answers

Glucose can pass through a membrane:

Using carrier proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Nearly half of the human genome consists of interspersed repetitive elements.

True Signup and view all the answers

Splicing takes place in the cytoplasm immediately after transcription

False Signup and view all the answers

Uzma altfragen 97mcq from quiz

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Questions and Answers

At which cell cycle checkpoint is the cell's cycle halted if the cell's DNA is damaged?

Peroxisomes:

Lamins Nuclear lamina is composed of:

What is true for lipids:

Secondary cell walls in plants:

The resolution of the light microscope is approximately:

Evolutionarily conserved proteins performing important functions

Nuclear envelope is composed of two nuclear membranes and:

What type of collagen is found in basal lamina?

The human genome consists of 100,000 genes

Enhancers contain multiple functional sequence elements that bind different transcriptional regulatory proteins.

DNA and RNA synthesis

Splicing takes place in the cytoplasm immediately after transcription.

What is not true for tight junctions?

DNA strand synthesis

Nonpolar amino acid is:

Chromatin:

NTF2 is:

Transfer RNAs:

Mitochondria:

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER):

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are transcribed by RNA polymerase.

Recombination

Protein folding and processing in the ER:

Desmin is:

Damage to DNA:

Prophase I is subdivided into 5 stages except

DNA replication enzymes

Protein that connects the Z discs of contractile elements in muscle is:

Cancer can show density-dependent inhibition

Which of the following statements about the function of transcription factors is not true?

he primary transcript is much longer than the mRNA that will eventually be translated. This can be explained by which of the following answers?

Proteins destined for incorporation into the plasma membrane or the membranes of different compartments:

Actin-based cell surface protrusions are:

Apoptosis

Glucose passes through the membrane:

Monosaccharides are joined in dehydration reactions in which water is removed by:

The core transcription factors that play central roles in this stem cell programming are:

mRNAs:

The spread of cancer cells to sites away from the initial tumor is known as:

Transposition via DNA intermediates:

Chromatin remodeling factors:

Transcription-coupled repair:

The only GAG that occurs as a single long polysaccharide chain is:

Microfilaments are composed of:

DNA and RNA are stable?

The growth of cancer is correlated with the presence of extrinsic growth factors

The simplest eukaryote is:

tRNAs:

DNA replication:

Autophagy:

Chromatin immunoprecipitation:

General transcription factors and initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

The inner mitochondrial membrane:

What is not a part of the main tissue systems in plants?

Transcription factor binding sites are unique sequences for each transcription factor

Microfilaments are composed of:

Differential interference-contrast microscopy uses:

Macropinocytosis is:

What is true for dynein?

Genes that contribute to cancer through increased expression are:

Proteins destined for incorporation into the plasma membrane or the membranes of different compartments:

Which of the following accurately describes the promoter?

Lipid rafts are composed of:

Translation:

Nucleolus-associated domains (NADs) are:

Enhancers contain multiple functional sequence elements that bind different transcriptional regulatory proteins

Chemiosmotic coupling:

Amino acids are joined together by:

The most common method for visualizing LIVING cells is:

All is true for caspases except:

p53

Genes that can contribute to cancer through a loss-of-function mutation are:

Prophase I is subdivided into 5 stages except

Aquaporins are

The only GAG that occurs as a single long polysaccharide chain is:

DNA in chloroplasts and mitochondria is transcribed by RNA polymerase III