Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of binary fission as a method of cell division?

It occurs in eukaryotic cells.

It requires a complex process of mitosis.

It involves the formation of four daughter cells.

It is the simplest and fastest form of reproduction. (correct)

Which phase of the cell cycle constitutes the majority of a cell's life?

Interphase (correct)

S phase

Mitosis

G1 phase

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

The cell prepares for division.

DNA is not replicated.

Sister chromatids are formed. (correct)

The cell undergoes cytokinesis.

What is the role of the centromere in chromosomes?

It connects sister chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes the role of interphase in the cell cycle?

It allows for cell growth, DNA replication, and cellular functions. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is accurate?

The cell cycle includes a repeating set of events from cell formation to division. Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are usually formed by binary fission?

Two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of mitosis?

For growth and repair of damage Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the condensation of chromatin into rod-shaped chromosomes?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do spindle fibers move chromosomes to the cell's equatorial plane?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during anaphase?

Chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

Which structure disappears during telophase?

Spindle Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the microtubules of the spindle during anaphase?

They shorten to draw chromosomes apart Signup and view all the answers

How does cytokinesis occur in animal cells?

Via the cleavage furrow which pinches the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of chromosomes during telophase?

They uncoil and return to chromatin form Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed as microtubules elongate during anaphase?

Spindle Signup and view all the answers

Which event takes place during prophase that involves the chromosome structure?

Chromosomes condense into rod-shaped structures Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Kinds of Cell Division:
- Binary fission: Simplest, fastest reproduction in prokaryotic cells. Parent cell divides into two roughly equal daughter cells. Steps include DNA replication, cell elongation, new cell wall formation between chromosomes, then the cell splits.
- Mitosis: Cell division in eukaryotic cells. Produces genetically identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Specialized cell division for sexual reproduction.

Binary Fission

Occurs in prokaryotic cells.
Parent cell divides into two daughter cells that are nearly identical.
Key steps involve DNA replication, cell elongation, division, completion of new wall.

Division in Eukaryotic Cells

Cell Cycle: Repeating series of events.
The cell cycle is NOT continuously dividing.
Cell division is only a part of the cycle. The life cycle of a cell, from its formation to division.
Divided into Interphase (90%) & Mitosis/Meiosis (10%).

Interphase

The time between two cell divisions, comprising three phases:
- G1 phase: Cell growth, protein & organelle synthesis.
- S phase: DNA replication - each chromosome makes a copy of itself, becoming double-stranded.
- G2 phase: Cell growth & final preparation for division.
- G0 phase: Non-cycling stage (temporary or permanent; cardiac muscle and nerve cells).

S Phase (DNA Replication)

Single chromosome becomes a double chromosome (its own copy).
This happens after Interphase begins
Sister chromatids are joined together by a centromere. They are genetically identical copies.

Mitosis

Purpose: Repair and growth.
Stages:
- Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form, centrosomes move to opposite ends.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align in middle of cell, spindle fibers attach to centromeres of sister chromatids.
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate & move to opposite poles of the cell, pulled apart by shortening spindle fibers.
- Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelopes reform, spindle fibers disappear, new nuclei form. Cytokinesis: Cell membrane pinches inward to divide into two cells (animal/plant differ).

Mitosis: Condensed Chromosome Structure

Chromosomes are made up of DNA coiled around proteins.

2. MITOSIS

Purpose: For growth and repair of damage.
Cell division creating genetically identical two-daughter cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the cell cycle, mitosis, and types of cell division. This quiz covers key concepts such as binary fission, the phases of the cell cycle, and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell division. Perfect for students studying biology!