Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

The process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.

The time period between cell divisions when a cell is growing and performing its normal functions.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell's nucleus divides, resulting in two identical nuclei.

The division of the cytoplasm to create two separate daughter cells after mitosis.

The first growth phase of interphase where the cell grows and synthesizes proteins.

The phase of interphase where the cell duplicates its DNA, ensuring each daughter cell gets a complete copy.

The second growth phase of interphase where the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis.

Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Specialized reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, that contain only one set of chromosomes.

The process by which prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) reproduce, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells without forming a nucleus.

Protein complexes that help to condense and prepare chromosomes for duplication during cell division.

The region on a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined together. It's the attachment point for microtubules during cell division.

The longest stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center of the cell, ready for separation.

An imaginary plane equidistant between the spindle poles, where chromosomes gather during metaphase.

Protein structures on chromosomes where microtubules attach during cell division.

Microtubules that connect to kinetochores, pulling chromosomes apart during anaphase.

The structure formed by microtubules during cell division, responsible for separating chromosomes.

The final stage of mitosis where two daughter nuclei form, and the cell begins to divide.

The controlled system that regulates cell cycle events, ensuring proper timing and order.

A constricted region of a chromosome where two discs of protein (kinetochores) are attached. This region is involved in attaching microtubules that pull apart chromosomes during cell division.

Specialized protein structures found at the centromere of a chromosome that serve as attachment points for microtubules during cell division.

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell's nucleus divides, resulting in two identical nuclei (daughter nuclei).

The first stage of mitosis where the replicated chromosomes condense into visible structures. The nucleoli disappear and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

The stage of mitosis where the condensed chromosomes align themselves along the middle of the cell (metaphase plate).

The stage of mitosis where the sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome separate and are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes relax into a less condensed chromatin state.

The process of the cytoplasm dividing to create two separate daughter cells after mitosis.

A crucial control point in the cell cycle where signals determine if the cycle should proceed or stop.

Protein kinases that activate or deactivate other proteins by adding a phosphate group.

Proteins that bind to CDKs and are essential for their activation.

Proteins that specifically inhibit the kinase activity of CDKs by binding to the complex of CDKs and cyclins, effectively putting a brake on the cell cycle.

A complex of proteins activated during mitosis that initiates the separation of chromosomes, marking the start of anaphase.

A type of protein breakdown that is irreversible, used by cells to give the cell cycle directionality.

Proteins released by cells that stimulate other cells to divide.

A signal transduction pathway triggered by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) that leads to cell division in fibroblasts.

A group of proteins that regulate the progression of the cell cycle by activating or inhibiting specific enzymes involved in cell division.

A type of CDK that is active during the G1 phase of the cell cycle and helps the cell commit to division.

A type of CDK that promotes entry into mitosis. It's also called maturation promoting factor (MPF).

A tumor suppressor gene that plays a crucial role in controlling cell division and preventing cancer.

A critical point in the cell cycle where the cell checks for errors and halts the cycle if issues are detected. These checkpoints ensure accurate DNA replication and proper chromosome segregation.