Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

Study Notes

The cell cycle involves interphase and mitotic cell division.
Interphase is the period of cell growth and DNA replication.
DNA replication occurs during interphase, duplicating chromosomes.
The amount of DNA increases during interphase, while the cell volume gradually increases.
Synthesis of proteins and new organelles takes place during interphase.
Chromosomes can only be seen as uncoiled chromatin during interphase. Chromosomes are counted by the number of centromeres.
Homologous chromosomes have the same length.

Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells.
DNA coils tightly into chromosomes during prophase.
The nuclear membrane breaks down during prophase.
Chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane during metaphase.
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles during anaphase.
New nuclear membranes form during telophase.
Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into two equal halves, forming two daughter cells.

Meiosis produces haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division (meiosis I and meiosis II).
DNA replicates before meiosis I.
Homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase I.
Crossing over (exchange of genetic material) occurs in prophase I.
Homologous chromosome pairs line up along the equatorial plane in metaphase I.
Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I.
New nuclear membranes form during telophase I.
Cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, producing two haploid cells.
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, with sister chromatids separating into four haploid cells.
Meiosis produces genetically unique daughter cells.

Mitosis produces two diploid daughter cells, while meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells.
Mitosis is for growth and repair, while meiosis is for sexual reproduction.
Mitosis involves one round of division; Meiosis involves two rounds.
Mitosis does not involve homologous chromosome pairing, while meiosis does.
Mitosis does not involve crossing over, while meiosis does.
Meiosis results in genetic variation through crossing-over and independent assortment.

DNA is duplicated before mitosis.
Duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell for separation.
Each member of the duplicated chromosomes separates and is divided equally into each daughter cell.
During interphase, invisible chromosomes are loosely packed.

Meiosis produces gametes while mitosis produces somatic cells.
Meiosis halves the chromosome number while mitosis does not.
Crossing over occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis. Genetic variation occurs due to independent assortment and crossing over.