Cell Cycle and Mitosis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Centrioles migrate to the poles

Chromosomes uncoil and form chromatin

Chromosomes line up on the equator of the cell (correct)

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Which event happens at the end of mitosis?

Cytokinesis occurs, forming two new daughter cells (correct)

Daughter cells become genetically diverse

Sister chromatids are still attached

Nuclear membrane disappears

What is the role of cyclins in the cell cycle?

They control cell cycle checkpoints (correct)

They repair damaged DNA

They synthesize new organelles

They divide the cytoplasm

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

What defines a diploid cell?

It has two sets of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

Decides whether the cell will divide Signup and view all the answers

How do cancer cells differ from normal cells?

They lose the ability to control cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of meiosis is similar to metaphase in mitosis?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason cells divide?

To prevent DNA overload Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S Phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in prokaryotic cell division through binary fission?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of sister chromatids?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homologous pair' refer to in genetics?

Pairs of chromosomes with the same genes Signup and view all the answers

What key occurrence takes place during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Organelles double in number Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a phase of mitosis?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What must occur before a cell can enter mitosis?

Duplication of organelles Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes meiosis?

Involves two rounds of cell division Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes cytokinesis?

Division of the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Reproduction

Cell division produces two new daughter cells from a single parent cell, essential for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Types of Cell Division

Prokaryotic Cells: Use binary fission, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
Eukaryotic Cells: Undergo both mitosis (for growth and repair) and meiosis (for gamete formation), each serving distinct functions.

Reasons for Cell Division

DNA Overload: As cells grow, a limit is reached where DNA can't meet cellular needs, leading to an information crisis.
Exchange of Materials: Larger cells have inefficient exchange rates for nutrients and waste, risking cell survival.

Prokaryotic Cell Division: Binary Fission

Steps of Binary Fission:
- DNA Replication: DNA is duplicated, creating two identical chromosomes.
- Chromosome Segregation: Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, yielding two genetically identical cells.

The Cell Cycle

Interphase: The growth and DNA replication phase, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.
- G1 Phase: Cell grows in size.
- S Phase: DNA replication occurs, resulting in sister chromatids.
- G2 Phase: Organelles and cytoplasm are doubled in preparation for mitosis.

Eukaryotic Cell Division

DNA resides within chromosomes located in the nucleus.
Mitosis includes four phases—Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Mitosis Phases (PMAT)

Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible; centrioles migrate to poles; nuclear membrane disintegrates; spindle apparatus forms.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindles attach to centromeres.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase: Chromosomes uncoil back to chromatin; nuclear membranes reform; spindle apparatus disappears.

Cytokinesis

Occurs following mitosis, dividing the cytoplasm to form two new genetically identical daughter cells, with organelles distributed between them.

Meiosis

Similar process to mitosis but aimed at producing gametes, resulting in cells with half the chromosome number.

Control of the Cell Cycle

Cyclins: Regulatory proteins that oversee the cell cycle at checkpoints:
- G1 Checkpoint: Determines if a cell will divide.
- S Checkpoint: Assesses accuracy of DNA replication.
- Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint: Ensures correct alignment of chromosomes during mitosis.

Cancer Cells

Develop from uncontrolled cell division, leading to tumors due to the loss of regulatory mechanisms within the cell cycle.

Summary of the Cell Cycle

The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of G1, S, G2, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Binary fission in prokaryotes creates identical offspring.
Chromosomes formed during interphase consist of two sister chromatids connected by a centromere.
Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, while haploid gametes form a zygote upon fusion.

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Description

Test your understanding of the cell cycle and mitosis, focusing on key concepts such as prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell division. This quiz covers the properties of chromosomes, the main stages of the cell cycle, and how these processes are regulated, including their links to cancer. Challenge yourself and ensure you grasp these fundamental biological concepts.