31 Questions
What best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?
Reproduction of cells
What is the result of most cell division?
Genetically identical daughter cells
What does a genome consist of in prokaryotic cells?
A single DNA molecule
What is the main role of cell division in growth and development?
Tissue renewal
What are the phases of mitosis responsible for?
Formation of daughter cells
What distinguishes gametes from most other daughter cells?
Nonidentical genetic information
What is the characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus of eukaryotic species?
Two sets of chromosomes
What do gametes (reproductive cells) have in comparison to somatic cells?
Half as many chromosomes
What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome called?
Centromere
Meiosis yields daughter cells that have how many sets of chromosomes compared to the parent cell?
Half as many sets
What is the main function of the S phase in interphase?
Chromosome duplication
During which phase does DNA replicate in the cell cycle?
S phase
In a typical human cell, approximately how long is the DNA when fully extended?
$6.5$ feet
What occurs only if the cell is large enough and the DNA undamaged?
$Mitosis$
Which stage of mitosis includes the division of the cell nucleus?
$Prophase$
What is the regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division called?
The cell cycle
What distinguishes gametes from most other daughter cells?
They are produced by meiosis
What is the regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division called?
Cell cycle
What occurs only if the cell is large enough and the DNA undamaged?
Cell division
What is the main function of the S phase in interphase?
DNA replication
What best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?
Ability to reproduce
In a typical human cell, approximately how long is the DNA when fully extended?
$1 meter$
What is the main function of the S phase in interphase?
Copies DNA
During which phase does DNA replicate in the cell cycle?
S phase
What occurs only if the cell is large enough and the DNA undamaged?
Mitosis
What do gametes (reproductive cells) have in comparison to somatic cells?
Half as many chromosomes
What distinguishes gametes from most other daughter cells?
Half as many chromosomes
What is the result of most cell division?
Formation of identical daughter cells
What best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter?
Cell growth and division
What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome called?
Centromere
What does a genome consist of in prokaryotic cells?
'Naked DNA'
Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
- Living things are distinguished from nonliving matter by their ability to grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, metabolize, and maintain homeostasis.
Cell Division and Genome
- The result of most cell division is two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
- A prokaryotic cell's genome consists of a single circular chromosome.
Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- The main role of cell division in growth and development is to produce new cells that can differentiate into various cell types.
- The phases of mitosis are responsible for the equal separation of chromosomes into two daughter cells.
- The main function of the S phase in interphase is DNA replication.
- DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.
- Cell division occurs only if the cell is large enough and the DNA is undamaged.
- Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell nucleus divides.
Gametes and Meiosis
- Gametes (reproductive cells) have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells.
- Gametes are distinguished from other daughter cells by their unique genetic makeup and ability to fuse with other gametes during fertilization.
- Meiosis yields daughter cells that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Chromosomes and DNA
- The characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus of eukaryotic species varies, but is typically diploid (2n).
- Gametes have half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells.
- The narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome is called the centromere.
- In a typical human cell, the DNA is approximately 2 meters long when fully extended.
Cell Cycle Pattern
- The regular pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division is called the cell cycle.
Test your understanding of the cell cycle, mitosis phases, cytokinesis in animals and plants, and the differences between benign, malignant, and metastatic tumors. This quiz covers the key roles of cell division and its significance in the continuity of life.
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