Cell Cycle and Division Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes?

  • Tetrad
  • Haploid
  • Chromatin
  • Diploid (correct)

    • What is the main purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?

  • To create genetically identical daughter cells (correct)
  • To increase genetic diversity
  • To produce gametes
  • To perform DNA replication

    • What key structures are involved in the organization and separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

  • Sister Chromatids and Tetrads
  • Centriole and Spindle Fibers (correct)
  • Cell Membrane and Nucleolus
  • Chromatin and Nucleus

    • During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a tetrad formation?

    <p>Pairing of homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes condense and become visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs in prometaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes attach to microtubules at the kinetochore.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the chromosomes during metaphase?

    <p>All chromosomes are aligned at the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs during anaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes telophase?

    <p>Nuclear envelope re-forms around the chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the golgi apparatus during prophase?

    <p>It disperses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do centrosomes move towards opposite poles?

    <p>Prometaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of metaphase?

    <p>All chromosomes are aligned at the equatorial plate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the cell cycle?

    <p>Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes binary fission from eukaryotic cell division?

    <p>Binary fission occurs only in prokaryotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes do humans have?

    <p>46 in 23 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genes play in the chromosomes of humans?

    <p>Genes determine how a person’s body grows and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is TRUE about eukaryotic cell division?

    <p>Eukaryotic cell division involves spindle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of cell cycle malfunction?

    <p>Development of disorders or diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>To ensure identical cell reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about chromosomes is incorrect?

    <p>All chromosomes in a pair are genetically identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary importance of mitosis in organisms?

    <p>It is necessary for growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of mitosis does the cleavage furrow form in animal cells?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms in plant cells to complete the division of the cytoplasm?

    <p>Cell plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes occurs during prophase?

    <p>Nuclear envelope begins to break down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the end of telophase?

    <p>Nuclear envelope reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of events during mitosis?

    <p>Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the spindle fibers during the final stages of mitosis?

    <p>They disassemble.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during Anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Homologous pairs are pulled apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs during Telophase II of meiosis?

    <p>Nuclear membranes re-form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase do spindle fibers form in each cell of meiosis II?

    <p>Prophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of crossing over during Prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Increased genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the daughter cells after Telophase I?

    <p>They form two haploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sister chromatids during Anaphase II?

    <p>They separate and move to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the cells produced at the end of meiosis compared to the original cell?

    <p>They have half the number of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important function does sexual reproduction serve in animals?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Cycle and Division

    • The cell cycle comprises events of growth, synthesis, and regulation, leading to cell division.
    • Types of cell division include mitosis (eukaryotic cells) and binary fission (prokaryotic cells).

    Prokaryotic Cell Division

    • Binary fission is the method used by bacteria for reproduction.
    • It results in clonal offspring, where daughter cells are identical to the parent.

    Eukaryotic Cell Division

    • Humans have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs, containing thousands of genes influencing growth and body functions.

    Mitosis Overview

    • Mitosis is nuclear division in somatic cells, producing two genetically identical daughter cells.
    • Critical for growth, tissue regeneration, and replacing damaged or lost cells.

    Stages of Mitosis

    • Prophase: Chromosomes condense, becoming visible; nuclear envelope disassembles; spindle fibers form.
    • Prometaphase: Microtubules attach to kinetochores; chromosomes align towards the cell equator.
    • Metaphase: All chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
    • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate as proteins degrade centromeres; chromatids move to opposite poles.
    • Telophase: Chromosomes decondense; nuclear envelopes re-form around each set; spindle disassembles.

    Cytokinesis

    • In animal cells, a cleavage furrow forms to divide the cytoplasm.
    • In plant cells, a cell plate forms during division.

    Regulation of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

    • The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints that monitor progression through key phases.

    Meiosis Overview

    • Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, creating gametes with half the chromosome number (haploid).

    Meiosis I Stages

    • Anaphase I: Homologous pairs are separated; sister chromatids remain together.
    • Telophase I: Homologues cluster at poles; nuclear envelopes reform; cytokinesis may occur; daughter cells have half the chromosomes.

    Meiosis II Stages

    • Prophase II: New spindle fibers form; nuclear envelope breaks down.
    • Metaphase II: Chromatids align at the cell equator; kinetochores from opposite poles attach to chromatids.
    • Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles of the cells.
    • Telophase II: Nuclear membranes re-form; cytokinesis results in four genetically diverse haploid cells.

    Importance of Meiosis

    • Meiosis increases genetic diversity through random assortment during metaphase I and crossing over in prophase I.

    Sexual Life Cycle

    • Sexual reproduction involves meiosis and fertilization, leading to genetic variation in offspring.

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    Related Documents

    CO2 Cell Cycle.pdf

    Description

    Test your understanding of the cell cycle, including the processes of cell division in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers key concepts such as mitosis and binary fission, alongside the stages of mitosis and the genetic implications for organisms.

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