Cell Cycle and Division Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?

  • The cell cycle consists of DNA replication and cell division.
  • The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitotic phase. (correct)
  • The cell cycle consists of B, C, and D periods.
  • The cell cycle consists of the duplication of DNA and organelles.
  • During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • Mitotic phase
  • B period
  • Interphase (correct)
  • C period
  • What are the control mechanisms that determine if a cell can progress to the next phase of the cell cycle called?

  • DNA replication
  • Cell cycle checkpoints (correct)
  • Cytokinesis
  • Mitosis
  • During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the G2 phase?

    <p>To prepare the cell for mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which checkpoint is mainly regulated by the tumor protein p53?

    <p>G2 checkpoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates its chromosomes into two identical sets?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the division of the cell's cytoplasm forming two daughter cells?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is known as the growth phase?

    <p>G1 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells in the G0 phase?

    <p>Cells in G0 phase have stopped dividing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis?

    <p>Two genetically identical daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

    <p>To divide the cytoplasm and cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two principal processes for repairing DNA double-strand breaks during interphase?

    <p>Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombinational repair (HRR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of interphase is responsible for preparing the cell for mitotic division?

    <p>G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To prepare the cell for mitotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

    <p>Cell rounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are NOT produced by mitotic cell division?

    <p>Sperm and egg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

    <p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'equational division'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the division of the cell's cytoplasm forming two daughter cells?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis?

    <p>Formation of genetically identical cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

    <p>Chromatin condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs during the S phase of interphase?

    <p>DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the preprophase band in plant cells?

    <p>To mark the position where the cell will divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for cell division in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

    <p>Mitotic cell rounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are produced by meiosis instead of mitotic cell division?

    <p>Sperm and egg cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

    <p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'equational division'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

    <p>To divide the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

    <p>Cell rounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does gene transcription cease?

    <p>G2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

    <p>To ensure the cell proceeds from one phase to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is more accurate than non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in repairing double-strand breaks during interphase?

    <p>Homologous recombinational repair (HRR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?

    <p>To prepare the cell for mitotic division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is known as equational division?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of mitosis in the correct order?

    <p>Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis?

    <p>Two genetically identical daughter nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

    <p>To divide the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

    <p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

    <p>To divide the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

    <p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'warp thread'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between plant cytokinesis and animal cytokinesis?

    <p>Plant cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate, while animal cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

    <p>To divide the cell into two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell has a circular chromosome?

    <p>Bacterial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does duplication of prokaryotic DNA take place?

    <p>During the actual separation of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the central spindle in animal cell cytokinesis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second step of animal cell cytokinesis?

    <p>Division plane specification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is a key regulator of contractile ring formation and contraction in animal cells?

    <p>Myosin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key component of the actin-myosin contractile ring?

    <p>Myosin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein binds to actin, myosin, RhoA, and CYK-4, and links the equatorial cortex with the signals from the central spindle?

    <p>Anillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein has been speculated to serve as a structural scaffold on which the cytokinesis apparatus is organized?

    <p>Septin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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