Cell Cycle and Division Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells?

  • The cell cycle consists of DNA replication and cell division.
  • The cell cycle consists of interphase and mitotic phase. (correct)
  • The cell cycle consists of B, C, and D periods.
  • The cell cycle consists of the duplication of DNA and organelles.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

  • Mitotic phase
  • B period
  • Interphase (correct)
  • C period

What are the control mechanisms that determine if a cell can progress to the next phase of the cell cycle called?

  • DNA replication
  • Cell cycle checkpoints (correct)
  • Cytokinesis
  • Mitosis

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the G2 phase?

<p>To prepare the cell for mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which checkpoint is mainly regulated by the tumor protein p53?

<p>G2 checkpoint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a eukaryotic cell separates its chromosomes into two identical sets?

<p>Mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the division of the cell's cytoplasm forming two daughter cells?

<p>M phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?

<p>S phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is known as the growth phase?

<p>G1 phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells in the G0 phase?

<p>Cells in G0 phase have stopped dividing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

<p>M phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mitosis?

<p>Two genetically identical daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm and cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two principal processes for repairing DNA double-strand breaks during interphase?

<p>Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombinational repair (HRR) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of interphase is responsible for preparing the cell for mitotic division?

<p>G2 phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>To prepare the cell for mitotic division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

<p>Prokaryotic cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

<p>Cell rounding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are NOT produced by mitotic cell division?

<p>Sperm and egg cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

<p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'equational division' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for the division of the cell's cytoplasm forming two daughter cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mitosis?

<p>Formation of genetically identical cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

<p>Prophase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

<p>Chromatin condensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs during the S phase of interphase?

<p>DNA replication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the preprophase band in plant cells?

<p>To mark the position where the cell will divide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for cell division in prokaryotic cells?

<p>Binary fission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

<p>Mitotic cell rounding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are produced by meiosis instead of mitotic cell division?

<p>Sperm and egg cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

<p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'equational division' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

<p>M phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

<p>Condensation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

<p>M phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

<p>Prokaryotic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the shape change that most animal cells undergo at the start of mitosis?

<p>Cell rounding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does gene transcription cease?

<p>G2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

<p>To ensure the cell proceeds from one phase to another (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is more accurate than non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) in repairing double-strand breaks during interphase?

<p>Homologous recombinational repair (HRR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>To prepare the cell for mitotic division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is known as equational division?

<p>M phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of mitosis in the correct order?

<p>Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mitosis?

<p>Two genetically identical daughter nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for tightly condensing chromosomes and initiating mitotic spindle formation?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process where the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell condenses into discrete chromosomes?

<p>Prophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does mitosis occur?

<p>Interphase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in mitosis?

<p>To divide the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells divide by a process called binary fission?

<p>Prokaryotic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who coined the term 'mitosis' and what does it mean?

<p>Walther Flemming, meaning 'warp thread' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?

<p>Telophase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plant cytokinesis and animal cytokinesis?

<p>Plant cytokinesis involves the formation of a cell plate, while animal cytokinesis involves the formation of a cleavage furrow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?

<p>To divide the cell into two daughter cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell has a circular chromosome?

<p>Bacterial cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does duplication of prokaryotic DNA take place?

<p>During the actual separation of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the central spindle in animal cell cytokinesis?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second step of animal cell cytokinesis?

<p>Division plane specification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is a key regulator of contractile ring formation and contraction in animal cells?

<p>Myosin II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component of the actin-myosin contractile ring?

<p>Myosin II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein binds to actin, myosin, RhoA, and CYK-4, and links the equatorial cortex with the signals from the central spindle?

<p>Anillin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protein has been speculated to serve as a structural scaffold on which the cytokinesis apparatus is organized?

<p>Septin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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