Cell Cycle and Division
59 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the number of chromosomes in a human cell?

  • 46 (correct)
  • 48
  • 23
  • 50

    • What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm during cell division?

  • Cytokinesis (correct)
  • Karyokinesis
  • Meiosis
  • Mitosis

    • During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for division?

  • G1 phase
  • S phase
  • G2 phase (correct)
  • Mitosis

    • What is the term for the area where sister chromatids are connected?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells at the edge of an injury?

    <p>They begin to divide rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cell cycle regulators?

    <p>To act as traffic signals during the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the rate of cell division during the healing process?

    <p>It slows down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the G1 checkpoint?

    <p>To regulate cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cells that do not receive the 'go' signal at the G1 checkpoint?

    <p>They exit the cell cycle and enter the G0 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the G2 checkpoint?

    <p>To repair DNA damages before entering mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a cell fails to pass the mitosis checkpoint?

    <p>The cell will continue to divide uncontrollably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between cancer cells and normal cells?

    <p>Cancer cells do not respond to cell cycle regulation signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of meiosis over asexual reproduction?

    <p>Meiosis produces genetically diverse offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

    <p>All offspring are exactly alike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cells are produced by an adult human body daily?

    <p>Two trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mitosis in unicellular plants and animals?

    <p>Production of new offspring by asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mitosis important in multicellular organisms?

    <p>To maintain tissue growth and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells do not undergo cell division?

    <p>Muscle cells and nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cells come into contact with other cells?

    <p>They stop growing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

    <p>To bind to the mRNA codon during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the reading of the mRNA codon starts at the wrong place?

    <p>A polypeptide chain with the incorrect sequence would be formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a tRNA molecule and a particular amino acid?

    <p>Each tRNA molecule is specific for a particular amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the codon sequence on an mRNA molecule?

    <p>To specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a tRNA molecule during protein synthesis?

    <p>To deliver amino acids to the ribosome during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of the mRNA codons corresponding to the DNA sequence TAC TTA CAA ACC ATA ATT?

    <p>AUG AAU GUU UGG UAU UAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tRNA anticodon?

    <p>To recognize and bind to a specific mRNA codon during translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecules that make up the ribosome?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the large and small ribosomal subunits constructed and exported from?

    <p>Nucleolus and exported to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of creating a protein from a sequence of mRNA codons?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nitrogen bases are read together in the genetic code?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the start codon AUG in protein synthesis?

    <p>It specifies the amino acid methionine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many possible codons are there in the genetic code?

    <p>64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of stop codons in protein synthesis?

    <p>They do not code for any amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA instructions?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sequence of three nucleotides that specifies an amino acid?

    <p>Codon sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of linking many amino acids together?

    <p>A protein is made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a start codon?

    <p>It indicates where the protein-building instructions begin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different amino acids are there?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transcription in the context of gene expression?

    <p>To copy one gene from the DNA molecule into a complementary RNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of RNA molecule that is synthesized during transcription?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the promoter in the transcription process?

    <p>To bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the base pairing rule for adenine during transcription?

    <p>Adenine pairs with uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the terminator in the transcription process?

    <p>To mark the end of the gene and terminate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

    <p>To transcribe a single gene from the DNA template</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to introns during RNA processing and editing?

    <p>They are cut out and removed from the RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mRNA transcript?

    <p>To serve as instructions for protein synthesis at the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between exons and introns?

    <p>Exons are involved in protein synthesis, while introns are not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of transcription?

    <p>A single-stranded RNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cap and tail added to the RNA molecule?

    <p>To help the ribosome identify the start and end of the instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are introns present in genes?

    <p>To allow a single gene to code for more than one type of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the type of protein that is made?

    <p>The order in which the amino acids are joined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'language' of mRNA instructions called?

    <p>The genetic code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to introns during RNA processing and editing?

    <p>They are cut out and removed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the start codon in protein synthesis?

    <p>It marks the beginning of mRNA translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To carry amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mRNA and tRNA?

    <p>tRNA reads the message carried by mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

    <p>To bind mRNA and tRNA to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of nucleotides that dictates the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis?

    <p>Codons on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser