24 Questions
During which stage of the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell?
Anaphase
What is the stage in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, known as the metaphase plate?
Metaphase
In which stage do the two new nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes?
Telophase
At which stage do spindle fibers begin to form on the mitotic spindle?
Prophase
What is the main function of interphase in the cell cycle?
To synthesize proteins and organelles
Which phase of interphase involves the replication of the cell's DNA?
S phase
What happens during G1 phase of interphase?
The cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles
During which stage does the chromatin condense into chromosomes?
Prophase
What is the main function of G2 phase in interphase?
To ensure both sets of chromosomes are present and functional
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It separates the cell from the external environment
Where is DNA present in the cell?
In the nucleus
What is the main function of the cytoplasm?
To provide a medium for the cell's activities
Which type of cells lack a distinct nucleus?
Bacterial cells
What are organelles in a cell?
Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
In which type of cells can you find a single circular chromosome?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
To regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Which type of cell does not contain a distinct nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotic cells
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Presence of a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
What is the main function of mitochondria within the cell?
Energy production
What type of cells are present in bacteria and archaea?
Prokaryotic cells
Which type of cells can exist in various forms such as spheres, rods, and spirals?
Prokaryotic cells
What is the main role of red blood cells in the body?
Carrying oxygen
What do white blood cells primarily contribute to in the body?
Immune response
Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis within the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Study Notes
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
The cell cycle is a crucial process that allows cells to grow, reproduce, and maintain their genetic integrity. It is a series of events that occurs in a cell, leading to the formation of two identical daughter cells. The cell cycle consists of several distinct phases: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Interphase
During interphase, the cell grows, synthesizes proteins and organelles, and prepares for division. The cell's DNA is replicated during interphase, creating two identical sets of chromosomes, one for each future cell. Interphase is divided into three stages: G1 (gap 1) phase, S phase (synthesis), and G2 (gap 2) phase.
G1 Phase
During G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes proteins and organelles. The cell also checks to make sure it has enough energy and nutrients to proceed with the cell cycle.
S Phase
S phase is when the cell's DNA is replicated. This results in the formation of two identical sets of chromosomes, one for each future cell.
G2 Phase
G2 phase is when the cell continues to grow and synthesize proteins and organelles. The cell also ensures that both sets of chromosomes are present and functional.
Prophase
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis, during which the chromatin condenses into chromosomes. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers begin to form on the mitotic spindle.
Metaphase
Metaphase is the stage in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, known as the metaphase plate. This ensures that each chromosome is divided equally between the two future cells.
Anaphase
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated, and each moves to opposite ends of the cell. This is facilitated by the contraction of the mitotic spindle.
Telophase
Telophase is the stage in which the two new nuclear envelopes form around the separated chromosomes. The chromatin begins to decondense, and the spindle fibers break down.
In summary, the cell cycle is a vital process for cell growth and reproduction. It consists of several distinct stages, including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. These stages ensure that each future cell receives an identical set of chromosomes, allowing for proper cell division and growth.
Learn about the crucial process of the cell cycle, which allows cells to grow, reproduce, and maintain their genetic integrity. Explore the distinct phases of the cell cycle, including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and understand the key events that occur during each stage.
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