Cell Cycle and Cancer Chemotherapy Quiz

<p>Transformation of normal cells into cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables cancer cells to proliferate endlessly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cross-link DNA strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methotrexate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They target specific phases of the cell cycle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bleomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Membrane lipid peroxidation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surgical excision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To treat prostate cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxycodone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate neutrophil production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased use of hormone-replacement therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ducts and lobules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dexamethasone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family history of breast cancer (first-degree relatives) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless lump (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mammogram (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size of the tumor, positive lymph nodes, and extent of disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin rash on the breast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By leading to prolonged estrogen exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evaluate for metastatic disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage I (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presents with skin changes resembling cellulitis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neoadjuvant therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately 26% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folic acid therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small tumors with lymph node involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alopecia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of DNA synthesis through cross-linking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monoclonal antibody (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paclitaxel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Postmenopausal women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doxorubicin followed by Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ovarian suppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

The stage in the cell cycle where DNA is replicated, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material.

The stage where the cell prepares for division, synthesizing proteins and other molecules necessary for mitosis.

The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells, characterized by uncontrolled growth and division.

Genes that normally promote cell growth and division, but when mutated, can contribute to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.

Genes that normally suppress cell growth and division, acting like brakes to prevent uncontrolled cell growth in cancer.

A type of cancer treatment that targets rapidly dividing cells throughout the body.

A type of systemic therapy that uses drugs to kill cancer cells by damaging their DNA or interfering with their cell division process.

Chemotherapy drugs that specifically target a particular phase of the cell cycle, such as the S phase or M phase.

Chemotherapy drugs that can affect any phase of the cell cycle.

A class of chemotherapy drugs that work by cross-linking DNA strands, preventing cell division.

A class of chemotherapy drugs that mimic essential building blocks needed by cells to replicate their DNA, disrupting their growth.

A class of chemotherapy drugs derived from plants, disrupting microtubules responsible for cell division.

A class of chemotherapy drugs that inhibit topoisomerases, enzymes essential for DNA unwinding and replication.

Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a type of breast cancer where cancerous cells grow in the milk ducts and invade the surrounding tissue.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a type of breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the milk ducts but haven't spread to the surrounding tissue.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a type of breast cancer where cancerous cells spread in a single file line from the lobules to the surrounding tissue.

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a type of breast cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lobules but haven't spread to the surrounding tissue.

Breast cancer is more common in women than men.

Factors that increase a person's risk of developing breast cancer.

A painless lump in the breast, nipple changes, or skin abnormalities are common symptoms of breast cancer.

Radiographic tests, biopsies, and physical examinations are used for diagnosing breast cancer.

The most common type of invasive breast cancer, accounting for about 75% of cases.

A less common type of invasive breast cancer, representing about 5-10% of cases.

This type of breast cancer doesn't invade surrounding tissue, but can become invasive.

This type of breast cancer doesn't invade surrounding tissue, but can become invasive.

The most aggressive form of breast cancer, characterized by rapid growth and spread.

Treatment given before surgery to shrink the tumor.

Treatment given after surgery to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence.

The definitive treatment for early-stage breast cancer.

GnRH agonist (like leuprolide) can slow down prostate cancer growth, either alone or combined with a drug that blocks androgen receptors (like flutamide).

Glucocorticoids (like prednisone) are used to fight certain blood cancers, as well as advanced breast and prostate cancers.

These drugs target cancer cells, often by blocking specific molecules or pathways that are important for cancer growth and spread.

Monoclonal antibodies like rituximab can target specific proteins on cancer cells, leading to their destruction.

Anti-nausea drugs (5HT3 antagonists) are crucial to managing the side effects of chemotherapy, which is often a major source of discomfort for patients.

Pain control during cancer treatment often involves a combination of morphine-like drugs (opiates) with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to maximize effectiveness and minimize side effects.

Low white blood cell counts (neutropenia) make patients vulnerable to infection, so antibiotics are crucial. Growth factors like G-CSF can help boost white blood cell production.

Blood transfusions or erythropoietin (which stimulates red blood cell production) are used to address anemia, a common side effect of chemotherapy.

A common chemotherapy drug that inhibits topoisomerase II, leading to double-strand DNA breaks and inhibiting cell division. It is effective in multiple cancer types, particularly breast cancer.

A chemotherapy drug that forms DNA cross-links, disrupting DNA synthesis and preventing cell division. It is commonly used in breast cancer but has a risk of secondary leukemias.

A taxane chemotherapy drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization during cell division, effectively stopping the cell from replicating. It is particularly active in treating lymph-node positive breast cancers.

A monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2 protein, inhibiting its growth and promoting cancer cell death. Commonly used in HER2-positive breast cancer.

A class of drugs that selectively modulate estrogen receptors, aiming to prevent estrogen from binding to cancer cells and promoting growth. Commonly used in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers.

Hormonal therapy for breast cancers that are positive for estrogen receptors (ER) and/or progesterone receptors (PR). It aims to reduce estrogen production in the body.

A class of drugs that block the aromatase enzyme, the primary enzyme responsible for estrogen production in postmenopausal women. Often used to treat ER- and PR- positive breast cancers.

A group of drugs that mimic the natural hormone luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), leading to suppression of ovarian function and reduced estrogen production. Used in premenopausal women with ER and PR positive breast cancers.