Cell Continuity and Chromosomes

Diploid = Cells that contain two sets of chromosomes, one from the ‘mother’ and one from the ‘father’ Haploid = Cells that have only one set of chromosomes Interphase = The non-dividing state where the cell grows to its normal size, makes proteins, and carries out its other everyday functions Mitosis = The division of a nucleus into two genetically identical copies of itself

Prophase = The first stage of mitosis, where the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible Metaphase = The second stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Anaphase = The third stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell Telophase = The fourth and final stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes begin to uncoil and two new nuclear membranes start to form

Diploid = Human cells have 46 chromosomes Haploid = Gametes (Sperm and Egg Cells) have only one set of chromosomes Interphase = No change in chromosome count Mitosis = No change in chromosome count

<p>Interphase = Cell organelles are replicated and energy is built up Prophase = Chromatin shortens and nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear Anaphase = Spindle fibres contract and sister chromatids separate Telophase = Chromosomes elongate and two nuclear membranes form</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth = Mitosis Asexual reproduction = Meiosis Gamete formation = Meiosis Cell replacement = Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carcinogen = Any chemical, biological or physical agent that could possibly be a cause of cancer Benign tumour = A mass of excess tissue that does not invade nearby organs Malignant tumour = A mass of excess tissue that invades nearby organs or travels to new body sites Metastasis = The spread of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telophase of mitosis forms a cleavage furrow in plant cells = False The nuclear membrane disappears in the early part of mitosis = True Centromeres give rise to the nuclear spindle = False In multicellular organisms mitosis is primarily used for growth = True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis = Cellular process that occurs during interphase Spindle Fibres = Structure that pulls the chromosomes to the poles of the cell during anaphase Cancer = Group of disorders in which control has been lost over the rate of mitosis Metaphase = Stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell and before they begin to separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase = Period in which the nucleus is not dividing Metaphase = Chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell and before they begin to separate Anaphase = Chromosomes are pulled to the poles of the cell Telophase = Nuclear envelope reforms and the cell undergoes cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spindle Fibres = Pull the chromosomes to the poles of the cell during anaphase Nucleus = Cellular structure that is not dividing during interphase Chromosomes = Located at the equator of the cell and before they begin to separate in metaphase Cell Plate = Forms towards the end of mitosis in a plant cell</p> Signup and view all the answers