MIMM Lecture 1+2 Quiz

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Which cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to cells and tissues?

Macrophages

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) (correct)

Eosinophils

Neutrophils

What is the primary function of Neutrophils in the immune system?

Direct harm to pathogens (correct)

Present antigens to T cells

Inflammation/allergies

Generate antimicrobial compounds

In the immune system, where do Monocytes migrate into and differentiate into macrophages?

Tissues (correct)

Bone marrow

Circulatory system

Lymphatic system

Which cell type is known for giving rise to platelets essential for blood clotting?

Megakaryocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of immature Dendritic cells in the immune system?

Capture antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is considered the most potent antigen-presenting cell for activating naïve T cells?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are responsible for producing antibodies as part of the immune response?

B lymphocytes (B cells) Signup and view all the answers

What receptors do T-cytotoxic cells have on their surface that help in immune responses?

CD8 molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemokines and cytokines in triggering inflammation?

Induce vasodilation and recruit innate immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Where does T and B cell activation occur?

Lymph node Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes B cells from T cells?

Recognition of antigens in their natural form Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antibodies?

Bind to antigens Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for an epitope to be presented on MHC molecules?

To activate T cell receptors Signup and view all the answers

What happens during clonal selection in the immune response?

Elimination of self-reactive cells Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells arise and mature?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of inflammation induced by chemokines and cytokines?

Redness, heat, and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines and chemokines in cell communication?

Initiate cell migration Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Detecting pathogens using PRRs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is known for being fast and non-specific as a first line of defense?

Innate immune response Signup and view all the answers

What do pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) do in the immune system?

Detect broad categories of molecules found in pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the immune system?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an immune response in the presence of a pathogen?

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in inducing local inflammation in the innate immune response?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

'Encoded in the germline' refers to what aspect of immune system components?

Inherited receptors that do not change Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pathogen can replicate outside of a living cell?

Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Where does hematopoiesis, the process of differentiating hematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells, occur?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response is the first line of defense and is fast but non-specific?

Innate immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which primary lymphoid organ is responsible for generating immune cells?

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cell gives rise to B and T cells, as well as NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)?

Dendritic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity?

Humoral immunity involves antibodies produced by B cells, while cell-mediated immunity involves T cells with effector functions. Signup and view all the answers

What happens after T and B cells are activated in lymphoid organs?

They differentiate into effector cells that can combat infections through humoral and cell-mediated activities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of B cells that distinguishes them from other immune cells?

B cells have specific receptors that are Y-shaped. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes cell-mediated immunity?

Cell-mediated immunity involves primarily T-lymphocytes that contribute to adaptive immunity through various effector functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of humoral immunity in combating pathogens?

Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells to combat pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs after an infection is successfully neutralized in terms of immune response?

There is a downregulation of T cells and a development of immunological memory. Signup and view all the answers

How does immunization contribute to adaptive immune responses?

Immunization induces deliberate adaptive immune responses, providing active long-lasting protection. Signup and view all the answers