35 Questions
Chromatin units held together by cohesion proteins are called chromatids.
False
Apoptosis is a process of cell proliferation that is necessary for body functions.
False
The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulates the release of life-promoting factors from mitochondria.
False
Karyolysis is a process of irreversible condensation of chromatin causing nuclei to shrink in size.
False
Apoptotic bodies are formed during the early stages of apoptosis.
False
During interphase, each chromosome consists of four identical chromatin units.
False
Mitosis consists of five major stages.
False
Chorionic villi cells are commonly used for studying human chromosomes.
True
The release of life-promoting factors from mitochondria is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins.
False
Karyorrhexis is a process of nuclear fading caused by dissolution of the chromatin.
False
What is the primary function of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?
To eliminate defective and unneeded cells
During which phase of the cell cycle do the events of mitosis occur?
M phase
What is the term for the condensed chromosomes of one nucleus that are photographed by light microscopy and rearranged digitally to produce a karyotype?
Chromatin
What is the name of the protein family that regulates the release of death-promoting factors from mitochondria during apoptosis?
Bcl-2 family
What is the term for the process of cell suicide that occurs during apoptosis, characterized by the irreversible condensation of chromatin?
Pyknosis
What is the primary function of the nuclear envelope?
To form a selectively permeable barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments
What is the term for the mass of DNA and its associated proteins?
Chromatin
Which structure is continuous with the extensive cytoplasmic network of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
Perinuclear space
What is the function of the nuclear lamina?
To stabilize the nuclear envelope
What is the term for the regions of chromatin that are specialized for ribosome synthesis?
Nucleolus
What bridges the inner and outer nuclear membranes?
Nuclear pore complexes
What is the approximate length of DNA in a human cell?
2m
Which type of chromatin is visible as finely dispersed granular material in the electron microscope?
Euchromatin
What is the primary function of the nucleolus in the cell's nucleus?
To produce and assemble the cell's ribosomes
How many macromolecules can pass through each nuclear pore complex per second?
1000
What is the term for the chromatin units held together by complexes of cohesion proteins?
Chromatids
How many base pairs are present in the DNA of each human cell?
3.2 billion
What is the primary function of the cohesion proteins in chromosomes?
Holding together identical chromatin units
What is the characteristic of a pyknotic nucleus?
It is a nucleus that has undergone irreversible chromatin condensation
What is the significance of circulating lymphocytes in chromosomal analysis?
They are easily accessible and can be used for studying human chromosomes
What is the result of karyolysis?
Nuclear fading caused by dissolution of chromatin
What is the role of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in apoptosis?
Regulating the release of death-promoting factors from mitochondria
What is the characteristic of a nucleus that has undergone karyorrhexis?
It has undergone destructive fragmentation
What is the significance of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?
It is necessary for the elimination of defective and unneeded cells
What is the term for the rearranged digital image of condensed chromosomes?
Karyotype
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