Cell Biology Quiz

Cell Biology

• The scientist who ended the debate of spontaneous generation with his swan-neck flask experiment is Louis Pasteur.

Cell Theory

• The cell theory is accurately described by the statement that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cell Characteristics

• One of the basic properties and functions of cells is to maintain homeostasis.
• Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the lack of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
• Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Cell Structure

• The mesosome is a specialized structure in prokaryotic cells that increases the surface area for DNA replication and transcription.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann's discoveries allowed to postulate that cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Viruses

• Viruses are acellular forms that infect host cells and destroy them.
• There are two types of viruses: enveloped viruses that require an outer membrane to infect cells, and naked viruses that do not require an outer membrane.
• The capsid is a protein coat that protects the viral genome.
• Viruses have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.
• The main consequence of prion diseases is the accumulation of abnormally folded protein aggregates that lead to cell death.

Prion Diseases

• The main cause of prion diseases is the misfolding of normal proteins into abnormally folded protein aggregates.
• Examples of human prion diseases include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, and fatal insomnia.
• The film "Prion" is recommended to watch in relation to viruses.

Scientists

• Rudolf Virchow is considered the father of Cellular Pathology.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann discovered the external structure of cells and described the cavities formed by the cell wall.
• Edouard Van Beneden studied the process of cell division and the distribution of chromosomes in the daughter cell by the process of mitosis.
• Louis Pasteur discovered that microorganisms are responsible for fermentation and disease.
• Theodor Boveri is considered the father of cytogenetics.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden discovered the concept of cell as a protoplasmic mass, limited by a cell membrane and with the presence of a nucleus.

Cell Biology Subfields

• The main subfield within cell biology that focuses on the rotation of phases beginning and ending with cell division and is focused on different periods of growth and DNA replication is the cell cycle.
• Cytogenetics is the study of the structure and function of cells, particularly in relation to the chromosomes.