Cell Biology Quiz: Organelles and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is a function of peroxisomes in cellular metabolism?

  • Convert hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water (correct)
  • Generate energy through ATP synthesis
  • Synthesize proteins from amino acids
  • Store genetic information

    • Which statement about ribosomes is accurate?

  • Ribosomes are large structures found outside the cell.
  • Ribosomes contain DNA as their main component.
  • Ribosomes are synthesized by the nucleolus. (correct)
  • Ribosomes are responsible for lipid synthesis.

    • What type of enzymes do peroxisomes contain?

  • Proteolytic enzymes for breaking down proteins
  • Oxidative enzymes for oxidation reactions (correct)
  • Hydrolytic enzymes for digestion of biomolecules
  • Kinases for transferring phosphate groups

    • Which of the following substances is specifically degraded by enzymes within peroxisomes?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do ribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?

    <p>They translate mRNA into polypeptide chains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?

    <p>To digest macromolecules and non-usable materials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is responsible for the formation of lysosomes?

    <p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes lysosomes?

    <p>They are membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials do lysosomes primarily digest?

    <p>Macromolecules entering the cell and non-usable materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes secretory proteins and their synthesis?

    <p>They are synthesized on ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polysome?

    <p>A cluster of several ribosomes synthesizing a single protein. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is incorrect regarding ribosomes in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm mainly synthesize secretory proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are secretory proteins primarily synthesized?

    <p>On ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does not pertain to the proteins synthesized by free ribosomes in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Assembly of proteins intended for secretion outside the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cilia found in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Propelling fluids and particles away from the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the nucleus of a cell?

    <p>It contains genetic material and regulates cell activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cristae found in the inner membrane?

    <p>To house the electron transport chain (ETC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many proteins are synthesized by the mitochondria for oxidative metabolism?

    <p>13 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are primarily responsible for the movement of sperm cells?

    <p>Flagella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the double-layered nuclear membrane?

    <p>To isolate the nucleus from the cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature do mitochondria possess that distinguishes them from other organelles?

    <p>They contain their own circular DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the ER connected in relation to the nucleus?

    <p>It is continuous with the nuclear membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are mitochondria referred to as the 'Powerhouses' of the cell?

    <p>Because they produce ATP through cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key roles of the proteins synthesized by the mitochondria?

    <p>To assist in oxidative metabolism for ATP production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure becomes visible during cell division and is formed from chromatin?

    <p>Chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is primarily responsible for the composition of genes within chromosomes?

    <p>DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In non-dividing cells, what form does genetic material take?

    <p>Chromatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Distribution of genetic information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes chromatin in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>It remains invisible and less condensed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cells are the basic units of life, enclosed by a membrane.
    • The cell has different structures with specific roles.
    • The cell´s membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

    Cytoplasmic Organelles

    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A network of tubular membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
      • Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes, it is involved in protein synthesis for export or incorporation into the cell membrane.
      • Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid synthesis, detoxification of substances, and calcium ion storage.
    • Ribosomes: Small particles composed of RNA and protein that are sites of protein synthesis, either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Golgi Apparatus: A stack of flattened sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
    • Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes. They break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances.
      • Peroxisomes: Membrane-bound sacs involved in various metabolic processes including the detoxification of harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide.
    • Mitochondria: Rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane that are often called the "powerhouses" of the cell. They generate ATP through cellular respiration, breaking down food molecules for energy.
    • Cytoskeleton: A network of protein fibers that supports the cell structure and provides a framework for intracellular transport. Includes microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. These fibers are involved in cell shape, movement, and intracellular transport.
    • Centrioles: Involved in cell division by organizing spindle fibers.
    • Cilia and Flagella: Extensions of the cell membrane, assisting in movement or transporting materials, with basal bodies formed from centrioles. They are involved in cell movement and have microtubules within their structure.

    Nucleus

    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains DNA organized into chromosomes.
    • The nucleus regulates cellular activities and contains the instructions for protein synthesis.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the functions of cellular organelles such as peroxisomes, lysosomes, and ribosomes. This quiz covers essential concepts regarding protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and cellular metabolism. Assess your understanding of how these components interact within the cell.

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