Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
- Production of energy through cellular respiration
- Storage of genetic information
- Synthesis of proteins
- Packaging and distribution of cellular products (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
- It contains its own DNA and can replicate independently. (correct)
- It is a network of membranes throughout the cytoplasm.
- It can appear rough or smooth depending on the presence of ribosomes.
- It is involved in the synthesis of lipids and steroids.
Which of the following structures is found only in animal cells?
Which of the following structures is found only in animal cells?
- Cell wall
- Ribosomes
- Centrosome (correct)
- Nucleus
What is the function of lysosomes within a cell?
What is the function of lysosomes within a cell?
Which of the following components is NOT directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?
Which of the following components is NOT directly involved in the synthesis of proteins?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
Which of the following plastids is responsible for storing starch?
Which of the following plastids is responsible for storing starch?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the Golgi complex in a cell?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of the Golgi complex in a cell?
What is the primary function of the centrosome in animal cells?
What is the primary function of the centrosome in animal cells?
Why do raw tomatoes and unripe chilies appear green?
Why do raw tomatoes and unripe chilies appear green?
Flashcards
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
The outer layer that protects and separates the cell from its environment.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
A network of membranes involved in material distribution within the cell, with rough and smooth types.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Organelles that produce energy for the cell, known as the powerhouses of the cell.
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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DNA
DNA
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Centrosome
Centrosome
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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Plastids
Plastids
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms
- Cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus (in eukaryotes)
- The cell wall is freely permeable, allowing substances in solution to enter and leave the cell without hindrance
- Plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose
- Animal cells do not have a cell wall
- Plant cells often have a large central vacuole
- Animal cells have small vacuoles (if present)
- Plant cells often contain plastids, like chloroplasts and leucoplasts
- Animal cells do not contain plastids
- The cytoplasm is a semi-liquid substance filling the cell, carrying out chemical activities
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an irregular network of double membranes distributed over the entire cytoplasm. It is so fine in structure that its existence is revealed only through an electron microscope
- The ER at its outer end is connected to the cell membrane, and at its inner end is connected with the nuclear membrane. It appears rough when small granules called ribosomes are attached, and smooth without them.
- Ribosomes are sites of protein synthesis. They are numerous, small granules, either scattered freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondria are the sites where cell respiration occurs, releasing energy
- Mitochondria are spherical or rod-shaped bodies, and contain their own DNA
- Golgi apparatus is the delivery system of the cell; it consists of filaments or rods which appear in the form of granules, near the nucleus. The Golgi complex consists of many small groups of hollow tubular structures with some minute vesicles
- Lysosomes are small vesicles containing digestive enzymes to digest foreign substances and unfavourable conditions to the cell. These enzymes can kill damaged cells
- Centrosome and centrioles are found only in animal cells. This is a region of cytoplasm near the nucleus, in which there are two centrioles
- The cytoplasm contains many non-living substances called cell inclusions, such as granules and vacuoles
- Granules are small particles in the cytoplasm; some consist of food materials like starch and glycogen
- Vacuoles are certain clear spaces in the cytoplasm
- The number of chromosomes is definite in each species
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