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Questions and Answers
What are the three main principles of cell theory?
All living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and are smaller, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are larger.
What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
Mitochondria are responsible for respiration and ATP production.
Describe the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell.
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Explain the process of osmosis.
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What distinguishes active transport from passive transport?
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Identify the two main transport systems in humans and their primary functions.
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How does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
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What is the significance of the sodium-potassium pump in cells?
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Describe the role of the small intestine in nutrient transport.
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
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Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
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Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic: No nucleus, smaller, e.g., bacteria.
- Eukaryotic: Have a nucleus, larger, e.g., plant and animal cells.
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Cell Structures
- Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA).
- Mitochondria: Site of respiration, ATP production.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum:
- Rough ER: Studded with ribosomes; protein synthesis.
- Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
- Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable barrier, regulates transport.
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Cytoplasm
- Gel-like substance where cellular processes occur.
- Contains organelles and cytoskeleton.
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Cell Division
- Mitosis: Somatic cell division; produces two identical daughter cells.
- Meiosis: Gametic cell division; produces four genetically varied gametes.
Transport in Humans
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Types of Transport
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Passive Transport: Movement of substances across membranes without energy.
- Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration.
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement via protein channels.
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Active Transport: Requires energy (ATP) to move substances against a concentration gradient.
- Sodium-Potassium Pump: Transports Na+ out and K+ into cells.
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Transport Systems in Humans
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Circulatory System: Transports blood, nutrients, gases, hormones.
- Composed of heart, blood vessels, and blood.
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Lymphatic System: Transports lymph, returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
- Important for immune response.
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Circulatory System: Transports blood, nutrients, gases, hormones.
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Gas Exchange
- Occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
- Oxygen diffuses into the blood; carbon dioxide diffuses out.
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Nutrient Transport
- Absorption in the small intestine; nutrients enter the bloodstream.
- Carried to cells for energy, growth, repair.
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Waste Removal
- Excretion of waste products through the kidneys and urinary system.
- Carbon dioxide expelled via the respiratory system.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell biology in this quiz, covering topics such as cell theory, types of cells, and key cell structures. Delve into the mechanisms of cell division and understand the unique roles of different organelles. Test your knowledge and reinforce your understanding of the building blocks of life.
