Cell Biology Module 5: Vesicular Trafficking

<p>Cisternae themselves move forward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labeling different types of proteins and tracking movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicles moving from the trans to the cis side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple images showcasing consistent patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They dimerize and induce the membrane to curve. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ARF G-protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The vesicle must be released from the donor membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Via the cytosolic domains of transmembrane cargo receptors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New vesicles bud off from the micelles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some cargo may be accidentally loaded into vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It converts to Sar1-GDP. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dark dots in immuno-TEM images. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They re-sort Golgi proteins in the retrograde direction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become trans-Golgi cisternae. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are created by coalescing vesicles from the ER. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become mislocalized as cisternae transition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It travels in an anterograde direction through cisternae. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cisternae progress and mature into different compartments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of cargo from earlier to later stages of the Golgi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It dissipates into secretory vesicles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamin is denatured and non-functional. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability to release neurotransmitters from vesicles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By watching their ability to hold themselves at the top of the vial. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most flies recover and begin to walk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicle docking and activation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>25°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initial signs of paralysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable vesicle release from the membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They disassemble the SNARE complex. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COP II vesicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To return incorrectly sorted proteins to the ER. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>KDEL sequence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They return cargo from the Golgi to the ER. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can diffuse in the membrane for recycling. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recognize and retrieve ER resident proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transport proteins from the Golgi back to the ER. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Class E, leading to the accumulation of proteins in the trans-Golgi. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tracking the temperature-sensitive secretory mutants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are detected and returned to the ER by COP I vesicles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport assisted by a collection of secretory proteins through the Golgi. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The movement of proteins from the rough ER to the cell membrane.

A cellular organelle where proteins are modified and packaged before reaching their destinations.

The entry region of the Golgi, closest to the ER.

The middle region of the Golgi processing proteins

The exit region of the Golgi, closest to the cell membrane.

Proteins move in vesicles from one Golgi cisterna to the next.

Golgi cisternae themselves move, and proteins stay inside.

A technique to visualize proteins in cells using antibodies.

A model of Golgi function where cisternae move through the Golgi complex, maturing as they progress.

Flattened membrane sacs within the Golgi apparatus, involved in protein processing.

The entry point of proteins into the Golgi apparatus.

The exit point of proteins from the Golgi apparatus.

Proteins that are part of the Golgi structure and are crucial for its function.

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport molecules between Golgi cisternae and other organelles.

The COPII complex forms vesicles that bud from the ER membrane, carrying cargo proteins to the Golgi.

The process by which the membrane is shaped into a curved bud, essential for vesicle formation.

Cargo proteins are preferentially loaded into budding vesicles.

Hydrolysis of GTP converts Sar1-GTP to Sar1-GDP, detaching COPII protein coat and releasing the vesicle.

Proteins that bind to and concentrate cargo molecules, facilitating loading into the vesicle.

Coat proteins that help shape the budding vesicles.

The process of detaching the newly formed vesicles from the donor membrane.

Proteins that function within the ER.

Dynamin protein folds and functions at permissive temperatures (e.g., 25°C), but denatures and becomes non-functional at restrictive temperatures (e.g., 30°C).

Vesicle formation is essential for neurotransmitters to be transported, and failure in this process leads to paralysis.

A temperature-sensitive mutation in the shibire gene affects the ability of the dynamin protein to fold, leading to problems with vesicle formation and transport.

Flies with the shibire mutation exhibit paralysis at higher temperatures due to the inability of dynamin to function correctly and affect neurotransmitter transport.

The effects of the shibire mutation (paralysis) are reversible if the temperature is lowered.

A model used to illustrate vesicle docking and release, demonstrating the process necessary for cargo release, occurring in all vesicles.

The process of moving neurotransmitters within vesicles to their target location in the neuron.

A four-amino acid sequence (Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu) found at the C-terminus of ER resident proteins, acting as a retrieval signal.

A type of vesicle that transports proteins back to the ER, specifically recognizing and carrying proteins with the KDEL signal.

Mutant yeast cells that accumulate secreted proteins in the trans-Golgi due to defects in clathrin coat proteins, preventing vesicle formation and protein transport beyond the Golgi.

1. Translation: Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes on the ER membrane.
2. ER chaperone proteins: Guide proper protein folding and prevent aggregation.
3. Golgi complex: Proteins are modified, sorted, and packaged for delivery to their final destinations.
4. Vesicle transport: Proteins are transported through the secretory pathway in membrane-bound vesicles.

Two models exist:

• Model A: Vesicles bud off from one cisterna and fuse with the next, moving cargo forward.
• Model B: Cisternae themselves move and mature, with proteins remaining within them.

The process of separating the SNARE proteins after vesicle fusion, allowing their recycling and reuse.

Proteins that help disassemble the SNARE complex by unwinding the four helices of the SNARE proteins.

To return mislocalized proteins to the ER, recycle SNAREs and COP II receptors, and transport unfolded proteins for processing or degradation.

A signal sequence found on ER resident proteins that helps them get loaded into COP I vesicles for retrograde transport.

A protein found in the Golgi that recognizes the KDEL sequence on ER resident proteins and helps load them into COP I vesicles.