Cell Biology: Mitochondria and Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

  • Photosynthesis
  • Protein synthesis
  • Cell division
  • Respiration (correct)

Which type of cells would be expected to contain a large number of mitochondria?

  • Skin cells
  • Red blood cells
  • Liver cells (correct)
  • Nerve cells

How many mitochondria can a single cell house, at minimum?

  • 2 (correct)
  • 10
  • 50
  • 1

What structural feature of mitochondria increases their efficiency in respiration?

<p>Folded membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do mitochondria play in sperm cells specifically?

<p>Energy release for movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in muscle cells?

<p>Production of energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the respiration reaction mainly occur in the mitochondria?

<p>Folded inner membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for oxygen and glucose to diffuse into the mitochondria?

<p>To facilitate energy production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the respiration process that occurs in the mitochondria?

<p>Water and carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do sperm cells contain many mitochondria?

<p>To generate energy for propulsion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

<p>Facilitate gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the connection between the mouth or nose and the lungs?

<p>Trachea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in respiration?

<p>They assist in expanding and contracting the ribcage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures provides support to the bronchial tubes?

<p>Rings of cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During exhalation, which muscle primarily aids in the expulsion of air from the lungs?

<p>Diaphragm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct respiration equation?

<p>glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy released (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is present in higher quantities in exhaled air compared to inhaled air?

<p>Carbon Dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the temperature of exhaled air compare to inhaled air?

<p>Exhaled air is hotter than inhaled air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the amount of water in exhaled air compared to inhaled air?

<p>It is more in exhaled air. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the body do with oxygen during respiration?

<p>Uses it up, resulting in less oxygen exhaled. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage rings in the trachea?

<p>To keep the airway open (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ciliated epithelial cells play in the bronchioles?

<p>They move mucus out of the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of alveoli facilitate gas exchange?

<p>They provide a large surface area with thin walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mucus in the bronchioles primarily trap?

<p>Bad bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which oxygen moves into the blood from the alveoli?

<p>Gas exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas moves from the alveoli into the blood in the capillary?

<p>Oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ensures that diffusion of oxygen into the blood is efficient in the alveoli?

<p>Large and numerous holes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

<p>Gas exchange (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the process of diffusion relate to gas movement in the alveoli?

<p>Gases move from higher concentration to lower concentration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the small blood vessels surrounding the air sacs in the lungs called?

<p>Pleural capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color are red blood cells that are carrying less oxygen depicted as?

<p>Dark red (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is represented as coming out of the alveoli in the diagram?

<p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs?

<p>Breathing/Respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is carbon dioxide primarily carried in the blood?

<p>Cells throughout the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Respiration Equation

The process where glucose reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy. This energy is used by cells for life processes.

Oxygen in Exhaled Air

The amount of oxygen in the air we exhale is less than the air we inhale because oxygen is used up during respiration.

Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Air

The amount of carbon dioxide in the air we exhale is higher than the air we inhale because carbon dioxide is produced during respiration.

Water in Exhaled Air

The water in the air we exhale is hotter than the air we inhale because it has absorbed heat energy released during respiration.

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Temperature of Exhaled Air

The air we exhale is hotter than the air we inhale due to the heat energy released during respiration.

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Mitochondria

Powerhouses of the cell, where respiration happens to release energy from glucose.

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Energy for Life Processes

The energy released by mitochondria is used for important life processes, like moving and growing.

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High Energy Cells - Mitochondria

Cells with high energy demands, like liver and muscle cells, have many mitochondria.

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Mitochondria Outer Walls

The thin outer walls allow substances to pass through easily for efficient respiration.

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Mitochondria Folded Membrane

The folded inner membrane provides a large surface area for respiration reactions to take place.

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Respiration

The process of converting glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This energy is used by cells to perform their functions.

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Where does respiration happen in a mitochondrion?

The folded membrane of a mitochondrion where the chemical reactions of respiration occur.

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Why do mitochondria have thin walls?

Mitochondria have thin walls to allow oxygen and glucose to easily pass through so they can be used for respiration.

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Why do sperm cells contain many mitochondria?

Sperm cells contain numerous mitochondria to provide the energy needed to propel them towards the egg.

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Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria?

Muscle cells require lots of energy for contraction, so they contain many mitochondria to generate that energy.

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What is the trachea?

The tube connecting your mouth or nose to your lungs. Imagine it as a tunnel for air to travel through.

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What are alveoli?

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves the blood. They're like tiny balloons where the gas exchange happens.

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What are bronchioles?

Branching tubes inside the lungs that carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli. They're like smaller branches from the main trunk.

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What is inhaling?

Breathing in, bringing air into the lungs. It's like filling up your lungs with air.

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What is exhaling?

Breathing out, releasing air from the lungs. It's like squeezing out the air from your lungs.

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What are the structures that keep the trachea open?

These are rings made of cartilage that keep the trachea (windpipe) open, allowing air to flow freely.

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What does the mucus in the bronchioles trap?

In the bronchioles, mucus traps harmful bacteria, preventing their entry into the lungs and potential infections.

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How do bronchioles move mucus out of the lungs?

Cilia are hair-like structures that move rhythmically to push mucus containing trapped bacteria up and out of the lungs.

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What happens in the alveoli during gas exchange?

Alveoli are small, thin-walled air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the air to be exhaled.

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Why are alveoli efficient in gas exchange?

Alveoli are efficient gas exchangers due to their large surface area and thin walls, which shorten the distance for gas diffusion. This allows for rapid oxygen transport into the blood and carbon dioxide removal.

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What is gas exchange?

The process of oxygen moving from the alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide moving from the blood into the alveoli.

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How does diffusion work?

The movement of a gas from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

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How do alveoli help with fast oxygen diffusion?

The alveoli's large and numerous holes allow for fast diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

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Why is the alveolus lining so thin?

The cell lining of an alveolus is only one cell thick, allowing for efficient gas exchange between the air and the bloodstream.

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What does mucus do in the lungs?

Mucus traps and removes dust and other particles from the airways, preventing them from reaching the alveoli.

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What are pleural capillaries?

Tiny blood vessels found surrounding the air sacs in the lungs, where gas exchange occurs.

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What is gas exchange in the lungs?

The process that occurs in the lungs, involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air sacs.

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How is oxygen transported in the blood?

Oxygen is carried into the body by red blood cells, which turn bright red when they are full of oxygen.

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How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

Carbon dioxide is carried from the body by red blood cells, making them appear darker in color compared to oxygen-rich cells.

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What is breathing?

The process of breathing involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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