Cell Biology Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest entity that possesses all the properties of life?

  • Molecule
  • Organ
  • Cell (correct)
  • Tissue

Eukaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

False (B)

Which branch of biology studies hereditary and variation in organisms?

  • Cytology
  • Genetics (correct)
  • Histology
  • Cell Biology

What elements make up 99.9% of the weight of typical living organisms?

<p>C, H, N, O, P, S</p> Signup and view all the answers

All living things are composed of multiple cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is a group of organs that perform the same function.

<p>organ system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their definitions:

<p>Prokaryotes = Organisms that lack a nucleus Eukaryotes = Organisms with a nucleus containing chromatin material</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest biological unit of life?

<p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Living things maintain _____ to keep their internal environment stable.

<p>homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the ability of living organisms to change over time?

<p>Evolve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following levels of organization with their definitions:

<p>Chemical Organization = Molecules Cellular Organization = Cells Tissue Level = Group of similar cells Organ Level = Group of tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Motility refers to the ability of living organisms to respond to environmental changes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of genes?

<p>Units of inheritance composed of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the properties of living things?

<p>Ability to reproduce (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biology only studies the structure of organisms.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Cytology' refer to in biology?

<p>Cell Biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The science of life, studying living organisms' structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Cell

The smallest biological unit, the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living things, whether single-celled or multicellular.

Cell Biology

The branch of biology that studies the basic structure, function, and chemistry of cells.

Living Thing

Something possessing the characteristics of life (organized,responding,using energy,growing, reproducing, adapting to the environment, maintaining their internal environment).

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Properties of Living Things

The characteristics that distinguish living things from non-living things (cells,membrane,response,biological molecules,reproduction,metabolism,evolution and adaptation, homeostasis).

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Atoms

The smallest particles that retain the properties of an element.

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Unicellular Organism

Living organisms composed of a single cell.

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Multicellular Organism

Living organisms composed of multiple cells.

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Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together.

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Organelle

Structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

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Cell

The basic unit of life.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

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Organ

A group of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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Organ System

A group of organs working together to perform a major function for the organism.

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Organism

A living thing.

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Population

A group of individuals of the same species in a specific area.

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Community

All the populations in a specific area.

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Ecosystem

The populations in a community plus the non-living environment.

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Biosphere

All life on Earth.

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Metabolism

The process where living things obtain and use energy.

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Motility

The ability of living things to move.

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Responsiveness

The ability of living things to react to their environment.

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Reproduction

The process by which living things make new organisms.

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Development

The changes from conception to maturity in an organism.

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Genes

Units of heredity composed of DNA.

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Evolution

Changes in living things over time.

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Adaptiveness

Genetic changes that help organisms survive in their environment.

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Prokaryote

A cell that doesn't have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

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Eukaryote

A cell that has a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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Life Elements

The six elements present in most living organisms (C, H, N, O, P, S).

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Atoms

The smallest particles of an element that still maintain its properties.

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Proton

A positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.

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Neutron

A neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.

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Electron

A negatively charged particle orbiting the atom's nucleus.

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Angstrom

A unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁰ meters

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Nanometer (nm)

A unit of length equal to 10⁻⁹ meters

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Micrometer (µm)

A unit of length equal to 10⁻⁶ meters

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Study Notes

Cell Biology Introduction

  • Biology is the study of life and living organisms, including structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
  • Biology examines the interrelationships of organisms, the flow of energy, and medical applications like organ transplantation and gene therapy to improve agricultural production.
  • Biological science studies living organisms.
  • Genetics studies hereditary and variation in organisms.
  • Histology studies the structure and function of tissues and organs.
  • Cell biology (cytology) studies the basic structure, function, and chemistry of cells.
  • Cells are the smallest biological units, the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms (unicellular and multicellular).

What is a Living Thing?

  • Living things are composed of one or more cells.
  • Cells are surrounded by membranes. The membrane controls the passage of materials.
  • Living things respond to their environment.
  • Living things are composed of biological molecules.
  • Living things reproduce (e.g., mitosis, creating offspring).
  • Living things undergo metabolism (converting oxygen and nutrients to energy — ATP).
  • Living things evolve and adapt to their environments.
  • Living things maintain homeostasis (maintain a constant internal environment).

Levels of Organization in Life

  • The chemical level (molecules)
  • The cellular level
  • The tissue level
  • The organ level
  • The organ system level
  • The organism level (species)
  • The population level (group of same species)
  • The community level (multiple populations in an area)
  • The ecosystem level (community plus non-living components)
  • The biosphere level (all life on Earth)

Characteristics of Living Things

  • Highly Ordered: Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, etc., are organized into complex systems. Starting smallest part of atom to the largest the organism.
  • Metabolism: Living things obtain and use energy to maintain order in their systems.
  • Motility: Living things can move.

Responsiveness

  • Living things respond to their environment. (e.g., detecting changes in temperature, food, or water).

Reproduction

  • Organisms create new organisms.

Development

  • Changes from conception through sexual maturity, and onward.

Genes

  • Genes are units of inheritance composed of DNA.

Evolution

  • Living things change over time.

Adaptiveness

  • Organisms adapt to their environments through genetic changes over time.

Units of Measurement in Cell & Molecular Biology

  • Angstroms (Å), nanometers (nm), micrometers (µm), and millimeters (mm) are used to measure small biological structures.

Types of Cells

  • Prokaryotes: Cells that lack a nucleus and a membrane-bound organelle (e.g., bacteria).
  • Eukaryotes: Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (e.g., animals and plants).

Life Elements

  • Typical living things are composed of C, H, N, O, P, & S.
  • Atoms are the smallest units of elements.
  • Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • Molecules are formed by the bonding of atoms (two or more atoms joined together).

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