Cell Biology: Interphase Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are the three things that happen during interphase?

  • Undergoes mitosis
  • The cell grows to its mature size (correct)
  • Prepares to divide into 2 cells (correct)
  • Makes a copy of its DNA (correct)

Describe what happens when the cell is growing.

The cell doubles in size and produces new ribosomes, copies mitochondria/chloroplasts.

What is replication?

When the cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

What is the function of DNA?

<p>A nucleic acid found in the chromosomes that holds all the information that the cell needs to carry out its functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Could the two new daughter cells survive without the parent's cells DNA? Explain.

<p>No, because the DNA of the daughter cells must be replicates of the DNA of the parent's cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens after the cell's DNA has been replicated.

<p>Preparation for cell division begins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do you think interphase is known as the resting phase?

<p>It's a state where cell division doesn't occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe what happens during mitosis.

<p>The state during which the cell's nucleus divides into 2 nuclei, with one copy of the DNA distributed into each nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of mitosis and what do they do?

<p>Telophase - New nuclear membranes form (A), Anaphase - Chromatin separates (B), Prophase - Chromatin condenses (C), Metaphase - Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During what stage of the cell cycle will we see chromatin under a microscope?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define chromatin.

<p>Material in cells that contains DNA and carries genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a chromosome?

<p>Rod-shaped structure of condensed chromatin, contains DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sister chromatid?

<p>One of the identical rods of a chromosome; each side of the chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a centromere?

<p>The sister chromatids are attached in the middle by a centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How similar are parent cells and daughter cells?

<p>Identical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do they have to be identical?

<p>To carry out their specific function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell cycle?

<p>The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the cell cycle?

<p>Cytokinesis (A), Interphase (C), Mitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When we grow, do our cells increase in size or quantity?

<p>Quantity since we make more cells as we need them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if our cells got larger?

<p>It would be too difficult for molecules to diffuse through the cell and to get to all parts of a cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do our cells make more cells?

<p>We make more cells to replace old cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many more cells can one cell make?

<p>2 cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do all types of cells make more cells?

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle lasts the longest?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does the cell membrane pinch the cell in two?

<p>Cytokinesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo?

<p>Cell cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the cell cycle?

<p>Interphase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process in which DNA is copied?

<p>Replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides?

<p>Mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a doubled rod of condensed chromatin?

<p>Chromosome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is each identical rod of a chromosome called?

<p>Chromatid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the cell cycle?

<p>Cytokinesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during cytokinesis?

<p>The cells divide into new identical cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if the centromeres did not split during anaphase?

<p>Both chromatids of a chromosome would go to the same side of the cell, so neither daughter cell would get the correct number of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Interphase

The period in a cell's life when it grows, carries out its normal functions, and duplicates its DNA.

Cell Growth

The process of a cell increasing in size and producing essential components like ribosomes and organelles.

DNA Replication

The copying process where a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA.

DNA

A nucleic acid found in chromosomes, containing vital information for cell functions.

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Daughter Cells

Cells that result from a parent cell's division.

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Post-Replication Process

The process that follows DNA replication, preparing the cell for division.

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Interphase as Resting Phase

A common misconception; Interphase is when the cell grows and prepares for division, not rests.

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Mitosis

The division of the cell's nucleus into two nuclei, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA.

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Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.

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Metaphase

The stage where chromosomes line up at the center of the cell, attached to spindle fibers.

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Anaphase

The stage where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

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Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where new nuclear membranes form around the separated DNA.

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Chromatin

The material containing DNA and genetic information found within the nucleus.

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Chromosomes

Condensed, rod-shaped structures formed from chromatin.

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Sister Chromatids

Identical halves of a replicated chromosome, connected at the centromere.

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Centromere

The central point where sister chromatids are connected.

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Identical Nature of Parent and Daughter Cells

The daughter cells produced through mitosis inherit the same genetic material as the parent cell.

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Cell Cycle

The orderly sequence of events that cells go through as they grow, replicate their DNA, and divide.

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Cell Cycle Components

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis are the three major components of the cell cycle.

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Growth of Cells

Cell growth increases the number of cells, not the size of individual cells.

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Size Limitations of Cells

Cells have size limits because diffusion becomes inefficient as cells grow larger.

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Purpose of Cell Multiplication

Cell division is essential for replacing damaged cells, supporting growth, and development.

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Cell Production Capabilities

Cells can divide to produce two identical copies of themselves.

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Cell Types and Division

Most body cells can replicate when damaged; however, brain and nerve cells have limited regeneration.

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Interphase Duration

Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle, allowing for growth and preparation for division.

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DNA Replication Timing

DNA replication takes place during Interphase, ensuring that the genetic material is ready for mitosis.

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Cytokinesis

The final stage of the cell cycle where the cell membrane pinches inward to form two new cells.

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Importance of Centromere Function

The centromere plays a critical role in ensuring the proper distribution of chromosomes during cell division.

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Study Notes

Interphase

  • Cell grows to its mature size and undergoes metabolic activities.
  • DNA replication occurs, producing two identical copies of genetic material.
  • Prepares for cell division into two daughter cells.

Cell Growth

  • The cell doubles in size, producing ribosomes and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Ensures that sufficient resources are available for division and function.

Replication

  • The process where the cell makes an exact copy of its DNA in the nucleus.
  • Essential for passing genetic information to daughter cells.

Function of DNA

  • DNA is a nucleic acid located in chromosomes.
  • Holds vital information for cell functions and processes.

Daughter Cells and DNA

  • Daughter cells must contain replicated DNA from parent cells to survive and function properly.

Post-Replication Process

  • Following DNA replication, the cell begins preparations for division, ensuring all components are in place.

Interphase as Resting Phase

  • Often referred to as a resting phase because no cell division occurs during this time.

Mitosis Overview

  • Mitosis involves the division of the cell's nucleus into two nuclei, distributing one copy of DNA to each.

Phases of Mitosis

  • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator and attach to spindle fibers.
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles.
  • Telophase: New nuclear membranes form around the separated DNA.

Chromatin and Chromosomes

  • Chromatin is the material containing DNA and genetic information in the nucleus.
  • Chromosomes are condensed, rod-shaped structures formed from chromatin.

Sister Chromatids and Centromeres

  • Sister chromatids are identical halves of a replicated chromosome.
  • Centromeres are the central regions where sister chromatids are connected.

Identical Nature of Parent and Daughter Cells

  • Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cells to ensure proper function.

Cell Cycle Definition

  • The cell cycle is the regular sequence of growth, replication, and division that cells undergo.

Cell Cycle Components

  • Consists of three main parts: Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.

Growth of Cells

  • Growth increases cell quantity, not size; new cells replace old ones as needed.

Size Limitations of Cells

  • If cells became larger, diffusion would become inefficient and could lead to cell bursting.

Purpose of Cell Multiplication

  • New cells are created to replace damaged cells and support growth and development.

Cell Production Capabilities

  • Each cell can divide to produce two new identical cells.

Cell Types and Division

  • Most body cells can replicate when damaged, except for brain and nerve cells which have limited regeneration.

Interphase Duration

  • Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle, allowing for growth and preparation.

DNA Replication Timing

  • Occurs during Interphase, ensuring genetic material is ready for mitosis.

Cytokinesis Description

  • The final step where the cell membrane pins inward, resulting in two new identical cells.

Importance of Centromere Function

  • If centromeres fail to split during anaphase, it results in an uneven distribution of chromosomes, jeopardizing genetic balance in daughter cells.

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Description

This quiz covers the key processes occurring during interphase, including cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for cell division. It highlights the importance of these processes in producing viable daughter cells. Test your understanding of how these cellular functions contribute to overall growth and maintenance.

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