12 Questions
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
To generate energy for the cell
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
To provide rigid support and protection
What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
Biotic factors are living, abiotic factors are non-living
What happens to energy as it moves from one trophic level to the next?
It decreases by 10%
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
To control the activities of the cell
What is the process of breaking down substances into simpler substances for energy?
Cellular respiration
What type of relationship is it when one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?
Commensalism
How are recessive traits represented?
With lowercase letters
What is the stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the term for the removal of forest?
Deforestation
What is the term for the maintenance of a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
What is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Meiosis
Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- Cells come from other cells
- All living things are made up of cells
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: cells with no nucleus
- Eukaryotic cells: cells with a true nucleus
Cell Structures and Functions
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell
- Nucleus: control center of the cell
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell wall: rigid wall outside the cell membrane in plant cells
- Ribosomes: produce proteins
- Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis
- Vacuole: storage tanks
Organ Systems
- Circulatory system: circulates blood and oxygen throughout the body
- Digestive system: breaks down food for the body to absorb
- Respiratory system: takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Muscular system: provides movement, digestion, etc.
- Skeletal system: provides support and structure
- Nervous system: transmits messages and processes information
Ecosystems
- Biotic factors: living things
- Abiotic factors: non-living things
- Rule of 10: 10% energy loss at each trophic level
Energy Production
- Photosynthesis: process of making energy from sunlight
- Cellular respiration: process of breaking down substances into simpler substances for energy
Relationships
- Mutualism: both organisms benefit
- Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped
- Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed
Genetics
- Dominant traits: represented by capital letters, cover recessive traits
- Recessive traits: represented by lowercase letters, only show if two recessive alleles are present
- Genetic mutation: changes to genetic material that results in disorders
Cell Division and Genetics Terms
- Deforestation: removal of forest
- Succession: primary and secondary
- Prophase: prepare/first stage of mitosis
- Metaphase: middle/second stage of mitosis
- Anaphase: apart/third phase of mitosis
- Telophase: two/fourth stage of mitosis
- Mitosis: division of normal body cells, interphase, PMAT, cytokinesis
- Meiosis: division of sex cells
- Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm
- Prokaryotic: no nucleus
- Eukaryotic: has a nucleus
- Homeostasis: maintenance of stable internal environment
- Stimulus: something that causes a response
- Response: reaction caused by a stimulus
Quiz on basic cell biology concepts, including cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and cell structures and their functions.
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