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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
What is the main function of the mitochondria in a cell?
- To generate energy for the cell (correct)
- To synthesize proteins
- To control the activities of the cell
- To store genetic information
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
- To provide rigid support and protection (correct)
- To provide movement and structure
- To synthesize proteins
- To control what enters and leaves the cell
What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
What is the main difference between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem?
- Biotic factors are found only in water, abiotic factors are found only on land
- Biotic factors are living, abiotic factors are non-living (correct)
- Biotic factors are found only on land, abiotic factors are found only in water
- Biotic factors are non-living, abiotic factors are living
What happens to energy as it moves from one trophic level to the next?
What happens to energy as it moves from one trophic level to the next?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the process of breaking down substances into simpler substances for energy?
What is the process of breaking down substances into simpler substances for energy?
What type of relationship is it when one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?
What type of relationship is it when one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped?
How are recessive traits represented?
How are recessive traits represented?
What is the stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
What is the stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?
What is the term for the removal of forest?
What is the term for the removal of forest?
What is the term for the maintenance of a stable internal environment?
What is the term for the maintenance of a stable internal environment?
What is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
What is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
- Cells come from other cells
- All living things are made up of cells
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: cells with no nucleus
- Eukaryotic cells: cells with a true nucleus
Cell Structures and Functions
- Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell
- Nucleus: control center of the cell
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell
- Cell wall: rigid wall outside the cell membrane in plant cells
- Ribosomes: produce proteins
- Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, responsible for photosynthesis
- Vacuole: storage tanks
Organ Systems
- Circulatory system: circulates blood and oxygen throughout the body
- Digestive system: breaks down food for the body to absorb
- Respiratory system: takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
- Muscular system: provides movement, digestion, etc.
- Skeletal system: provides support and structure
- Nervous system: transmits messages and processes information
Ecosystems
- Biotic factors: living things
- Abiotic factors: non-living things
- Rule of 10: 10% energy loss at each trophic level
Energy Production
- Photosynthesis: process of making energy from sunlight
- Cellular respiration: process of breaking down substances into simpler substances for energy
Relationships
- Mutualism: both organisms benefit
- Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is neither harmed nor helped
- Parasitism: one organism benefits, the other is harmed
Genetics
- Dominant traits: represented by capital letters, cover recessive traits
- Recessive traits: represented by lowercase letters, only show if two recessive alleles are present
- Genetic mutation: changes to genetic material that results in disorders
Cell Division and Genetics Terms
- Deforestation: removal of forest
- Succession: primary and secondary
- Prophase: prepare/first stage of mitosis
- Metaphase: middle/second stage of mitosis
- Anaphase: apart/third phase of mitosis
- Telophase: two/fourth stage of mitosis
- Mitosis: division of normal body cells, interphase, PMAT, cytokinesis
- Meiosis: division of sex cells
- Cytokinesis: division of cytoplasm
- Prokaryotic: no nucleus
- Eukaryotic: has a nucleus
- Homeostasis: maintenance of stable internal environment
- Stimulus: something that causes a response
- Response: reaction caused by a stimulus
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