Questions and Answers
What is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life?
Which type of cells have a nuclear membrane?
What processes do cells use to move large materials into or out of the cell?
Inclusions in a cell are primarily composed of what type of substances?
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Which organelle is involved in the process of cell division?
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What is the primary composition of the cell membrane?
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What type of materials can inclusions release for energy?
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Which of the following is NOT a structure found in eukaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Definition and Structure
- The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
- Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane and contains various organelles, including:
- Nucleus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Cytoskeleton
- Ribosome
- Centrosomes
Cell Classification
- Cells are classified into two main types based on the presence of a nuclear membrane: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane is a double layer of phospholipids, which are amphiphilic (partly hydrophobic and partly hydrophilic).
- The cell membrane has two main functions:
- Regulating the movement of materials into and out of the cell through endocytosis and exocytosis.
- Allowing large molecules, microorganisms, and waste products to pass through.
Inclusions
- Inclusions are metabolically inert substances that are stored in the cell and released as needed.
- Examples of inclusions include:
- Masses of organic chemicals
- Lipids
- Glycogen
- Melanin (stored in skin and oral mucosa cells and responsible for pigmentation)
- Residual bodies (spent lysosomes and their digested material)
Cell Division (Mitosis)
- Mitosis is a complex process involving many organelles of the cell.
- Mitosis occurs during tissue growth or regeneration and is dependent on the length of the individual cell's lifespan.
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Description
Learn about the basic structure and functions of cells, including their components and classification into Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
