Cell Biology Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What did Robert Hooke discover about cells in 1665?

  • Cells contain only DNA.
  • Cells are small compartments. (correct)
  • Cells are the building blocks of tissues.
  • Cells are made of liquid substances.

    • What does the technique of radioautography use to study cellular structures?

  • Specific types of light.
  • Radioactive atoms. (correct)
  • Chemical reactions.
  • Colored dyes.

    • Which of the following accurately describes the differences in cells?

  • Cells are identical regardless of their function.
  • Cells differ in size, shape, and specialized structures. (correct)
  • All cells are the same size and shape.
  • Cells differ only in their organelles.

    • How is the size of one micrometer ($ ewline u m$) expressed in meters?

    <p>$10^{-6}$ m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been revealed through the use of an electron microscope?

    <p>Detailed images of molecules like DNA and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure within the nucleus is known for producing ribosomal RNA?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in an animal cell?

    <p>To digest cellular waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures increases the surface area of the cell membrane?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body?

    <p>Nerve Cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the cell membrane?

    <p>It forms a boundary for the cell and its organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles have their own internal membranes?

    <p>Mitochondria and Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are blood cells primarily responsible for?

    <p>Defending against pathogens and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of cell membranes has been of particular interest to researchers?

    <p>The arrangement of lipids and proteins within membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of organelles within the cytoplasm?

    <p>To perform specific functions essential for cellular life and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes rough endoplasmic reticulum from smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Presence of ribosomes on its surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the cytoplasm?

    <p>Everything inside the cell except the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are known to be surrounded by membranes?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'reticulum' in endoplasmic reticulum refer to?

    <p>A network located within the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protoplasm primarily composed of?

    <p>A complex arrangement of biomolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which elements make up more than 99% of the atoms in protoplasm?

    <p>Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an essential component of protoplasm?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant compound in protoplasm?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the elements found in protoplasm?

    <p>They are also found in non-living matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?

    <p>The hydrophilic head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the fluid mosaic model, how are proteins distributed in the membrane?

    <p>Randomly and asymmetrically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes mitochondria?

    <p>They generate energy for the cell in the form of ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vacuoles in the context of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Sacs containing materials processed by the Golgi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>To create a barrier against water-soluble substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of proteins in the cell membrane is highlighted in the diagram?

    <p>They have diverse functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained within the nucleus of a cell?

    <p>Genetic material (DNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Golgi apparatus can be described as flaps or pockets?

    <p>Cisternas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is known for lacking a nucleus?

    <p>Human red blood cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To serve as a boundary for the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the cell membrane?

    <p>Lipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cell membrane maintain structural integrity?

    <p>Through its arrangement of proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cells is NOT explicitly mentioned in the content?

    <p>Bone cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about mitochondria?

    <p>They are often called the 'powerhouses' of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to modifying proteins, what else does the Golgi apparatus synthesize?

    <p>Carbohydrates and glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are mitochondria located within the cell?

    <p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells benefit from the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Both secretory and non-secretory cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in cells?

    <p>To generate ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of the inner membrane is crucial for energy production?

    <p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of mitochondria in a cell relate to its function?

    <p>More mitochondria correspond to higher energy demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the outer membrane of mitochondria?

    <p>Smooth and less permeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do enzymes in the inner membrane of mitochondria play?

    <p>Catalyzing reactions to produce ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

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